Does Aerobic Exercise Decrease Brain Activation?

Kubitz, Karla A.; Pothakos, K.

doi:10.1123/jsep.19.3.291

Cited by 55 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…In addition, reductions in resting state activation were found in the subgenual prefrontal cortex after a 90-min walk in nature as compared with a 90-min walk in an urban environment [3]. Electroencephalography (EEG) has shown that observing static rural images can induce increases in alpha (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) Hz) neural activity [14,15] associated with relaxation [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Aging Urban Brain: Analyzing Outdoor Physical Activity Using the Emotiv Affectiv Suite in Older People

Neale

Aspinall²,

Roe

et al. 2017

J Urban Health

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This research directly assesses older people's neural activation in response to a changing urban environment while walking, as measured by electroencephalography (EEG). The study builds on previous research that shows changes in cortical activity while moving through different urban settings. The current study extends this methodology to explore previously unstudied outcomes in older people aged 65 years or more (n = 95). Participants were recruited to walk one of six scenarios pairing urban busy (a commercial street with traffic), urban quiet (a residential street) and urban green (a public park) spaces in a counterbalanced design, wearing a mobile Emotiv EEG headset to record real-time neural responses to place. Each walk lasted around 15 min and was undertaken at the pace of the participant. We report on the outputs for these responses derived from the Emotiv Affectiv Suite software, which creates emotional parameters ('excitement', 'frustration', 'engagement' and 'meditation') with a real-time value assigned to them. The six walking scenarios were compared using a form of high dimensional correlated component regression (CCR) on difference data, capturing the change between one setting and another. The results showed that levels of 'engagement' were higher in the urban green space compared to those of the urban busy and urban quiet spaces, whereas levels of 'excitement' were higher in the urban busy environment compared with those of the urban green space and quiet urban space. In both cases, this effect is shown regardless of the order of exposure to these different environments. These results suggest that

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Aging Urban Brain: Analyzing Outdoor Physical Activity Using the Emotiv Affectiv Suite in Older People

Neale

Aspinall²,

Roe

et al. 2017

J Urban Health

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“…Exercise is associated with a-enhancement, particularly in the frontal cortex (e.g., Kubitz & Pothakos, 1997). The increase in a-activity during and after exercise has been interpreted in the literature as indicative of decreased brain activation (Kubitz & Pothakos, 1997).…”

Section: Endurance Runningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional neuroanatomy of altered states of consciousness: The transient hypofrontality hypothesis

Dietrich

2003

Consciousness and Cognition

390

286

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It is the central hypothesis of this paper that the mental states commonly referred to as altered states of consciousness are principally due to transient prefrontal cortex deregulation. Supportive evidence from psychological and neuroscientific studies of dreaming, endurance running, meditation, daydreaming, hypnosis, and various druginduced states is presented and integrated. It is proposed that transient hypofrontality is the unifying feature of all altered states and that the phenomenological uniqueness of each state is the result of the differential viability of various frontal circuits. Using an evolutionary approach, consciousness is conceptualized as hierarchically ordered cognitive function. Higher-order structures perform increasingly integrative functions and thus contribute more sophisticated content. Although this implies a holistic approach to consciousness, such a functional hierarchy localizes the most sophisticated layers of consciousness in the zenithal higher-order structure: the prefrontal cortex. The hallmark of altered states of consciousness is the subtle modification of behavioral and cognitive functions that are typically ascribed to the prefrontal cortex. The theoretical framework presented yields a number of testable hypotheses.

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“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] parametric paired t-test maps comparing the averaged spectral power across subjects over time (x-axes) and frequency (y-axes) during moderate-to-high intensity and light intensity exercise in standard trials. The enclosed areas denote significant clusters of channels and time with p < 0.025.…”

Section: Cc-by-nc-nd 40 International Licensementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is probably the main reason why only a reduced number of studies have investigated brain activity during exercise, primarily using electroencephalography (EEG). The majority of these studies focused on changes in the alpha frequency band at frontal localizations [9] reporting increased alpha activity during exercise [10] [11]. The only meta-analysis to date [12], however, indicates that alpha brain rhythm activation is not selective and maybe parallel by an increase of other brain rhythms, suggesting a possible power increase across the entire frequency spectrum during exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tonic and transient oscillatory brain activity during acute exercise

Ciria

Luque‐Casado

Sanabria

et al. 2017

Preprint

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The physiological changes that occur in the main body systems and organs during physical exercise are well described in the literature. Despite the key role of brain in processing afferent and efferent information from organ systems to coordinate and optimize their functioning, little is known about how the brain works during exercise. The present study investigated tonic and transient oscillatory brain activity during a single bout of aerobic exercise. Twenty young males (19-32 years old) were recruited for two experimental sessions on separate days. Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was recorded during a session of cycling at 80% (moderate-to-high intensity) of VO 2max (maximum aerobic capacity) while performing an oddball task where participants had to detect infrequent targets presented among frequent non-targets. This was compared to a (baseline) light intensity session (30% VO 2max ). The light intensity session was included to control for any potential effect of dual-tasking (i.e., pedaling and performing the oddball task). A warm-up and cool down periods were completed before and after exercise, respectively. A cluster-based nonparametric permutations test showed an increase in power across the entire frequency spectrum during the moderate-to-high intensity exercise, with respect to light intensity. Further, we found that the more salient target lead to lower increase in (stimulus-evoked) theta power in the 80% VO 2max with respect to the light intensity condition. On the contrary, higher decrease alpha and lower beta power was found for standard trials in the moderate-to-high exercise condition than in the light exercise condition. The present study unveils, for the first time, a complex brain activity pattern during acute exercise (at 80% of maximum aerobic capacity). These findings might help to elucidate the nature of changes that occur in the brain during physical exertion.

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Does Aerobic Exercise Decrease Brain Activation?

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

The Aging Urban Brain: Analyzing Outdoor Physical Activity Using the Emotiv Affectiv Suite in Older People

The Aging Urban Brain: Analyzing Outdoor Physical Activity Using the Emotiv Affectiv Suite in Older People

Functional neuroanatomy of altered states of consciousness: The transient hypofrontality hypothesis

Tonic and transient oscillatory brain activity during acute exercise

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