Does a small difference in iodine status among children in two regions of Belgium translate into a different prevalence of thyroid nodular diseases in adults?

Vandevijvere, Stefanie; Dramaix, M.; Moreno‐Reyes, Rodrigo

doi:10.1007/s00394-011-0232-1

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Iodine status was significantly higher in Flanders than in Wallonia based on UIC: creatinine. This finding corroborated a previous study among another Belgian population group (17) . The model investigating the risk of iodine deficiency was explained by the use of iodine-containing supplements and the consumption of milk and dairy drinks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Iodine deficiency among Belgian pregnant women not fully corrected by iodine-containing multivitamins: a national cross-sectional survey

et al. 2012

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Low iodine intake during pregnancy may cause thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women and their newborn. In the present study, iodine status among a nation-wide representative sample of Belgian pregnant women in the first and third trimester of pregnancy was determined, and determinants of iodine status were assessed 1 year after the introduction of bread fortified with iodised salt. The women were selected according to a multistage proportionate-to-size sampling design. Urine samples were collected and a general questionnaire was completed face to face with the study nurse. The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) among pregnant women (n 1311) was 124·1 mg/l and 122·6 mg/g creatinine when corrected for urinary creatinine. The median UIC in the first trimester (118·3 mg/l) was significantly lower than that in the third trimester (131·0 mg/l) but significantly higher than among non-pregnant women (84·8 mg/l). Iodine-containing supplement intake was reported by 60·8 % of the women and 57·4 % of the women took this supplement daily. The risk of iodine deficiency was significantly higher in younger women, in women not taking iodine-containing supplements, with low consumption of milk and dairy drinks and during autumn. Women with a higher BMI had a higher risk of iodine deficiency but the risk was lower in women who reported alcohol consumption. The median UIC during pregnancy indicates iodine deficiency in Belgium and some women are at a higher risk of deficiency. The current low iodine intake in women of childbearing age precludes the correction of iodine deficiency in pregnant women supplemented with multivitamins containing 150 mg iodine as recommended.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Iodine deficiency among Belgian pregnant women not fully corrected by iodine-containing multivitamins: a national cross-sectional survey

et al. 2012

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“…Iodine status was optimal, but the median UIC was significantly lower in Wallonia (107 lg/L) than in Flanders (119 lg/L). These findings corroborate the result of a previous national survey showing the same regional differences (16). The lower UIC in Wallonia may explain the higher prevalence of thyroid nodules, MNG, thyroidectomies, and more extensive use of antithyroid medication in the adult population in this region compared to Flanders as suggested in a previous study (16).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…These findings corroborate the result of a previous national survey showing the same regional differences (16). The lower UIC in Wallonia may explain the higher prevalence of thyroid nodules, MNG, thyroidectomies, and more extensive use of antithyroid medication in the adult population in this region compared to Flanders as suggested in a previous study (16). Among the mothers, there was not found a regional difference in UIC, probably due to the smaller size of the sample.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Children were selected according to a multistage proportionate-to-size stratified sampling design. Because some population-based data suggest that the prevalence of iodine deficiency is higher in the south than in the north of the country (16), the schools were stratified by region (17,18). A 30-cluster survey was performed in both regions with at least 20 children per cluster, as re-commended (19,20).…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fortification of Bread with Iodized Salt Corrected Iodine Deficiency in School-Aged Children, But Not in Their Mothers: A National Cross-Sectional Survey in Belgium

Vandevijvere

Mourri

Amsalkhir

et al. 2012

Thyroid

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Fortification of bread with iodized salt corrected iodine deficiency in Belgian children, but not in their mothers. To provide these women with an adequate iodine intake, the use of both iodized salt in bread and iodized instead of noniodized household salt needs to increase. Our findings suggest that the median UIC in children may not be an adequate surrogate of adults' iodine status. Therefore, monitoring iodine status should not be limited to children, but should be extended to women of child-bearing age.

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“…Finally, iodine values were similar for all the categories, which were all below the DRI, and did not meet 75% of the recommendation. Low iodine intake in children is clinically associated with higher prevalence of thyroid nodular diseases in adulthood [ 72 ]. A low iodine intake can be justified by children eating very few marine food items, whose rejection is widespread [ 73 , 74 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometric Status and Nutritional Intake in Children (6–9 Years) in Valencia (Spain): The ANIVA Study

Morales-Suárez-Varela

Rubio-López

Ruso

et al. 2015

IJERPH

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The aim of our study was to assess nutritional intake and anthropometric statuses in schoolchildren to subsequently determine nutritional adequacy with Spanish Dietary Reference Intake (DRIs). The ANIVA study, a descriptive cross-sectional study, was conducted in 710 schoolchildren (6–9 years) in 2013–2014 in Valencia (Spain). Children’s dietary intake was measured using 3-day food records, completed by parents. Anthropometric measures (weight and height) were measured according to international standards, and BMI-for-age was calculated and converted into z-scores by WHO-Anthro for age and sex. Nutrient adequacy was assessed using DRI based on estimated average requirement (EAR) or adequate intake (AI). Pearson’s chi-square and Student’s t-test were employed. Of our study group (47.61% boys, 52.39% girls), 53.1% were normoweight and the weight of 46.9% was inadequate; of these, 38.6% had excess body weight (19.6% overweight and 19.0% obesity). We found intakes were lower for biotin, fiber, fluoride, vitamin D (p < 0.016), zinc, iodine, vitamin E, folic acid, calcium and iron (p < 0.017), and higher for lipids, proteins and cholesterol. Our results identify better nutritional adequacy to Spanish recommendations in overweight children. Our findings suggest that nutritional intervention and educational strategies are needed to promote healthy eating in these children and nutritional adequacies.

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Does a small difference in iodine status among children in two regions of Belgium translate into a different prevalence of thyroid nodular diseases in adults?

Abstract: Iodine status in children was found slightly different in both regions of the country. This finding is in agreement with a higher incidence of thyroidectomies and more extensive use of anti-thyroid medications in the adult population in the region with the lowest iodine excretion.

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Iodine deficiency among Belgian pregnant women not fully corrected by iodine-containing multivitamins: a national cross-sectional survey

Iodine deficiency among Belgian pregnant women not fully corrected by iodine-containing multivitamins: a national cross-sectional survey

Fortification of Bread with Iodized Salt Corrected Iodine Deficiency in School-Aged Children, But Not in Their Mothers: A National Cross-Sectional Survey in Belgium

Anthropometric Status and Nutritional Intake in Children (6–9 Years) in Valencia (Spain): The ANIVA Study

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