One-third of the world’s population harbours the latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) with a
lifetime risk of reactivation. Although, the treatment of LTBI relies significantly on the first-line
therapy, identification of novel drug targets and therapies are the emerging focus for researchers across
the globe. The current review provides an insight into the infection, diagnostic methods and
epigrammatic explanations of potential molecular targets of dormant phase bacilli. This study also
includes current preclinical and clinical aspects of tubercular infections and new approaches in antitubercular
drug discovery.