Do the BSRI and PAQ Really Measure Masculinity and Femininity?

Fernández, Juan; Coello, Ma Teresa

doi:10.1017/s113874160000264x

Cited by 42 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…A 12 item Spanish version of the BSRI (BSRI-12) was validated by Mateo and Fernandez [15] and included the items: gentle, sympathetic, leadership abilities, acts as a leader, dominant, tender, warm, affectionate, strong personality, defend own beliefs, sensitive to other’s need, and makes decision easily. This version demonstrated strong psychometric properties, in some cases better than the original 60 item BSRI [13,15,16]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender Differences: Examination of the 12-Item Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI-12) in an Older Brazilian Population

et al. 2013

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ObjectivesAlthough gender is often acknowledged as a determinant of health, measuring its components, other than biological sex, is uncommon. The Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) quantifies self-attribution of traits, indicative of gender roles. The BSRI has been used with participants across cultures and countries, but rarely in an older population in Brazil, as we have done in this study. Our primary objective was to determine whether the BSRI-12 can be used to explore gender in an older Brazilian population.MethodsThe BSRI was completed by volunteer participants, all community dwelling adults aged 65+ living in Natal, Brazil. Exploratory factor analysis was performed, followed by a varimax rotation (orthogonal solution) for iteration to examine the underlying gender roles of feminine, masculine, androgynous and undifferentiated, and to validate the BSRI in older adults in Brazil.ResultsThe 278 participants, (80 men, 198 women) were 65–99 years old (average 73.6 for men, 74.7 for women). Age difference between sexes was not significant (p = 0.22). A 12 item version of the BSRI (BSRI-12) previously validated among Spanish seniors was used and showed validity with 5 BSRI-12 items (Cronbach=0.66) loading as feminine, 6 items (Cronbach=0.51) loading onto masculine roles and neither overlapping with the category of biological sex of respondent.ConclusionsAlthough the BSRI-12 appears to be a valid indicator of gender among elderly Brazilians, the gender role status identified with the BSRI-12 was not correlated with being male or female.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fernandez and Coello [16] used the BSRI-12 more recently, with students ranging in age from 12 to 15 years. They found reasonable reliability, using Cronbach’s alpha, on the anticipated Feminine/Expressive (F/E) and Masculine/Instrumental (M/I) scales (F/E scale α = .77; M/I scale α = .73) indicating internal consistency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences: Examination of the 12-Item Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI-12) in an Older Brazilian Population

et al. 2013

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“…With a focus on the social gender role an influence on both symptom categories had been expected. Feminine personality traits are associated with a high expressiveness (Fernández & Coello, 2010) and femininity in general corresponds with greater willingness to admit weaknesses and pain (Robinson et al, 2001). Therefore, a female gender role orientation was expected to be associated with increased symptom reports, regardless of the symptom category.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Psychological Gender and Coping on Adolescents' Symptom Reports

Schmitz¹,

Lohaus²,

Vierhaus³

2013

JEDP

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Health complaints are rather widespread even in children and adolescents. This paper explores the role of psychological gender (feminine and masculine) and coping strategies for the explanation of individual differences in symptom reports. A study with 1.021 children and adolescents aged 9 to 17 showed a significant relation of the coping variables catastrophizing and anger-related emotion regulation to an increase in symptom reports almost throughout the sexes and age groups. There were additional influences of a male gender orientation to decreased symptom reports and of non-pain-related problem solving to increased symptom reports. These effects were, however, restricted to the male subgroup. The meaning of the results for the current well-being and the future coping of children and adolescents with their health complaints is elaborated and discussed.

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“…This scale consists of 18 items (9 in each of two dimensions) corresponding to the respondent's self-image with respect to the stereotypes of masculinity and femininity on a Likert-type scale from 1 (never) to 7 (always). As the dimensionality and crosscultural validity of this test has been subjected to a process of questioning and revision in various studies (Fernandez & Coello, 2010;García-Mina, 2004;Twenge, 1997), a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted so as to assess the internal structure of the questionnaire, using conventional criteria to estimate data fit. All items showed factor loadings in their corresponding dimensions, with the exception of item 1 (athletic) and 17 (submissive), which were omitted in subsequent analyses.…”

Section: Sex Rolesmentioning

confidence: 99%