Do socioeconomic status and stress reactivity really impact neurocognitive performance?

Piccolo, Luciane da Rosa; Sbicigo, Juliana Burges; Grassi‐Oliveira, Rodrigo; Salles, Jerusa Fumagalli de

doi:10.3922/j.psns.2014.4.16

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Lacking financial resources, therefore, constitutes a direct threat to people’s innate need to view themselves as capable of overcoming challenges and achieving desired outcomes in daily life (Hughes and Demo, 1989; Boardman and Robert, 2000; Fritsche and Jugert, 2017; Cannon et al, 2018). This conception corroborates with research showing that the financially deprived experience more stress and uncertainty, feel less power to influence their environment, and perceive more difficulty to accomplish daily tasks (Lachman and Weaver, 1998; Cohen S. et al, 2006; Haushofer and Fehr, 2014; Piccolo et al, 2014; Robinson and Piff, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Self-Affirmation Reduces Delay Discounting of the Financially Deprived

2019

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Financial deprivation is associated with excessive discounting of delayed rewards. In the present research, we argue that this counterproductive tendency may be driven, at least in part, by the aversive and self-threatening nature of experiencing financial deprivation. Accordingly, we propose that self-affirmation—an intervention known to buffer negative consequences of psychological threats—may reduce delay discounting of the financially deprived. Results of two high-powered, preregistered experiments support this proposition. Specifically, in Study 1 ( n = 546), we show that among participants with relatively lower income, self-affirmation effectively reduces delay discounting. In Study 2 ( n = 432), we manipulate the feeling of financial deprivation and demonstrate that self-affirmation reduces delay discounting among those who feel financially deprived. We also examine the underlying process of this effect and find that self-affirmation bolsters a sense of personal control among those who feel financially deprived, which in turn reduces their delay discounting (Study 2). Overall, our findings suggest that the relationship between financial deprivation and delay discounting is malleable and psychological interventions that attenuate self-threats and bolster a sense of personal control can be applied to reduce myopic tendencies of the poor.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Self-Affirmation Reduces Delay Discounting of the Financially Deprived

2019

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“…Low SES represents an ecological niche where stressors are often unpredictable, uncontrollable, and chronic (Baum, Garofalo, & Yali, 1999). Quite a bit of evidence exists linking low SES to dysregulated physiological stress reactivity (e.g., Evans, 2013; Musante et al, 2000) and in turn to poor developmental outcomes (Piccolo, Sbicigo, Grassi-Oliveira, & Fumagalli de Salles, 2014; Sripada, Swain, Evans, Welsh, & Liberzon, 2014).…”

Section: Environmental Adversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene × Environment contributions to autonomic stress reactivity in youth

Allegrini

Evans²,

Rooij

et al. 2017

Dev Psychopathol

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Dysregulated physiological stress reactivity has been suggested to impact the development of children and adolescents with important health consequences throughout the life span. Both environmental adversity and genetic predispositions can lead to physiological imbalances in stress systems, which in turn lead to developmental differences. We investigated genetic and environmental contributions to autonomic nervous system reactivity to a psychosocial stressor. Furthermore, we tested whether these effects were consistent with the differential susceptibility framework. Composite measures of adverse life events combined with socioeconomic status were constructed. Effects of these adversity scores in interaction with a polygenic score summarizing six genetic variants, which were hypothesized to work as susceptibility factors, were tested on autonomic nervous system measures as indexed by heart rate and heart rate variability. Results showed that carriers of more genetic variants and exposed to high adversity manifested enhanced heart rate variability reactivity to a psychosocial stressor compared to carriers of fewer genetic variants. Conversely, the stress procedure elicited a more moderate response in these individuals compared to carriers of fewer variants when adversity was low.

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“…Family SES, especially during early childhood, seem to affect performance in some neuropsychological systems more than in others, particularly memory (episodic, working and semantic), oral and written language and executive functions (Hackman et al 2010;Piccolo et al 2014) -in this study, we will investigate that cognitive functions. Such influence is more prominent at younger ages (Tomalski et al 2013), until about ten years old (Lupien et al 2001), probably due to their complexity and prolonged development (Evans and Fuller-Rowell 2013;Noble et al 2006Noble et al , 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of family socioeconomic status on IQ, language, memory and executive functions of Brazilian children

Piccolo

Arteche

Fonseca

et al. 2016

Psicol. Refl. Crít.

Self Cite

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The aim of this study was to assess the effect of family socioeconomic status (SES) and parental education on non-verbal IQ and on the processing of oral and written language, working memory, verbal memory and executive functions in children from different age ranges. A total of 419 Brazilian children aged 6-12 years old, attending public and private schools from Porto Alegre, RS participated in the study. Structural equation analyzes revealed that in the general model (for all ages), the SES contributed to cognitive performance -IQ, verbal memory, working memory, oral and written language and executive functions (28, 19, 36, 28 and 25 %, respectively). SES had stronger effects on younger children (up to nine years old), in most cognitive tasks examined. Probably, after this age, a combination of factors such as schooling, living in other social environments, among others, may mitigate the effects of family socioeconomic status.

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Do socioeconomic status and stress reactivity really impact neurocognitive performance?

Cited by 20 publications

References 37 publications

Self-Affirmation Reduces Delay Discounting of the Financially Deprived

Self-Affirmation Reduces Delay Discounting of the Financially Deprived

Gene × Environment contributions to autonomic stress reactivity in youth

Influence of family socioeconomic status on IQ, language, memory and executive functions of Brazilian children

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