Do post-prison job opportunities reduce recidivism?

Schnepel, Kevin T.

doi:10.15185/izawol.399

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Barriers to accessing "high quality" job opportunities can raise additional policy concerns. Passing a criminal background check and securing employment can have important labor market and recidivism benefits for individuals with conviction records , and jobs connected to higher earnings or longer tenure can have heightened desistance maintenance benefits (Apel and Horney 2017;Jaynes 2020;Schnepel 2017Schnepel , 2018. In the current study context, entry-level positions requiring a high school degree in the SIDA-badge sector have higher average wages than comparable positions in other sectors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

Shifting Peaks and Cumulative Consequences: Disqualifying Convictions in High-security Jobs

Denver

Behlendorf

2021

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

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Objectives: Disqualifying conviction lists (DCLs) bar applicants with certain convictions within specified timeframes from employment. Using proposed federal legislative changes in the aviation sector as a case study, we examine whether convictions under the existing policy are associated with subsequent arrest. Then we consider the implications of proposed expansions—arrests instead of convictions and a longer look-back window—on employment restrictions. Methods: Since DCLs exclude ineligible applicants with conviction records, we use a large, single-state sample of diverse criminal histories. We compare subsequent arrest rates across offense types, consider variations in hazard patterns, and project exclusion estimates based on current and anticipated policy reforms. Results: Only half of the disqualifying offenses have consistently higher recidivism rates than non-disqualifying offense types. Over 20 percent of the sample would be barred from employment, policy extensions double this estimate, and exclusions are age-graded, shifting a peak conviction age of 20 years old to a peak “consequence age” of 28. Conclusions: Including a narrower set of offenses would reduce those automatically disqualified in our study context by nearly 20 percent, or 39,000 individuals. Instead of expanding the DCL scope, successful criteria should be both effective in prediction and narrow in application.

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confidence: 82%

Shifting Peaks and Cumulative Consequences: Disqualifying Convictions in High-security Jobs

Denver

Behlendorf

2021

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

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“…In terms of broader community benefits, Peck and Theodore (2008) provide a grim account of the failed reintegration of formerly incarcerated people and the “social decline” of the communities to which many of these individuals return. Seiter and Kadela (2003) similarly speak of the “destabilising” effect that large numbers of returning former prisoners can have on communities when reintegration opportunities are unavailable, linking this situation with “ultimately, higher crime” (see also Schnepel, 2017). In effect, a lack of job opportunities perpetuates a downward spiral of crime and re‐incarceration, thereby casting the provision of employment opportunities to formerly incarcerated people as an act of “enlightened self‐interest.” Excluding formerly incarcerated people from the labor market thus entails significant individual and societal costs.…”

Section: Literature Review and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing public attitudes toward the employment of formerly incarcerated people: The role of “human resources social advocacy”

Burns

Sisto

Timming

2023

Human Res Mgmt Journal

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This registered report aims to evaluate the extent to which the human resources function can change public attitudes toward a controversial social issue. Focusing on the employment of formerly incarcerated people, we explore the novel concept of “human resources social advocacy” (HRSA), an interventionist approach through which HR might pro‐actively change and/or shape people's minds on social issues via the communication and conveyance of ideas related to HR matters of public interest. We seek to test the effectiveness of two HRSA interventions in reducing public stigma toward the employment of formerly incarcerated people. One makes a moral case (“Changing Hearts”) and the other makes an instrument case (“Changing Minds”) for including formerly incarcerated people in the labor market. We also explore which of the two interventions is more effective at achieving normative change. This research will have important implications for the “societal effects” of human resource management.

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“…Skardhamar and Telle 41 used a large data set (n = 7,476) with a follow-up of 3 years, and Schnepel used the data on 1.7 million prisoners released in California between 1993 and 2008. 42 Kang analyzed the data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (n = 8,984), 43 and Benda et al examined administrative data from a random sample (N = 250) of Texas male parolees released from prison between 2001 and 2005. 44 Another one including longitudinal research was carried out using data capturing daily online postings on job openings and closings.…”

Section: Longitudinal Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Employment as a Part of Rehabilitation: A Review of Similarities and Differences between Female and Male Criminals

Felczak

2023

sil

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In this review article, the latest knowledge in the area of the importance of employment in the process of rehabilitation is presented. The goal is a literature review and an analysis of the similarities and differences between female and male criminals in the context of employment during the prison sentence and the chances of finding employment after release. Also, the relationships between employment and later recidivism are analyzed. To present the relationship between employment and recidivism holistically, the following points were referred to: the role of work in rehabilitation and adaptation to freedom; differences between males and females in employment experiences and peculiarities in social background affecting their labour force attachment; the employment of prisoners before, during and after punishment; opportunities and barriers in finding a job by former prisoners; bidirectional relationship – employment as a way to reintegrate ex-offender with the society and as a way to prevent recidivism. Different phases of rehabilitation (being in prison, leaving prison) were distinguished and labour force attachment prior to imprisonment spell were also discussed. Also, the article consists of a discussion section where conclusions and recommendations are presented. The indications for further research were also listed, one of which is to examine the real benefit of the work of convicts – whether it provides the possibility of subsistence. In the article, study results from various countries, and consequently, various judicial systems, are referred to.

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Do post-prison job opportunities reduce recidivism?

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Shifting Peaks and Cumulative Consequences: Disqualifying Convictions in High-security Jobs

Shifting Peaks and Cumulative Consequences: Disqualifying Convictions in High-security Jobs

Changing public attitudes toward the employment of formerly incarcerated people: The role of “human resources social advocacy”

Employment as a Part of Rehabilitation: A Review of Similarities and Differences between Female and Male Criminals

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