Do Plant Cells Secrete Exosomes Derived from Multivesicular Bodies?

An, Qianli; Bel, Aart J. E. van; Hückelhoven, Ralph

doi:10.4161/psb.2.1.3596

Cited by 151 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…14 This evidence obtained in our laboratory joins additional observations of An et al, 15,16 who reported the release of exosome-like vesicles in barley leaves attacked by a pathogenic fungus. Recently, Wang et al 17 have reported the presence of EXPO, exosome-like structures released by Arabidopsis and tobacco cells, probably associated to unconventional secretion.…”

Section: Apoplastic Vesicles and Proteins Without Predicted Signal Pesupporting

confidence: 77%

Apoplastic exosome-like vesicles: A new way of protein secretion in plants?

Regente

Pinedo

Elizalde

et al. 2012

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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These authors contributed equally to this work.Keywords: apoplast, protein secretion, signal sequence, non-classical secretionThe presence of apoplastic proteins without predicted signal peptide in the gene sequence suggests the existence of protein secretion independent of the ER/Golgi classical route. In animals, one of the pathways proposed for alternative protein secretion involves the release of exosomes to the extracellular space. Although this pathway has not been dissected in plants some indirect evidence is emerging. We have reported that apoplastic fractions of sunflower seeds contain exosome-like vesicles. Besides, these vesicles are enriched in the lectin Helja, which is immunolocalized in the extracellular space even if it the protein has no predicted signal peptide. Here we show that Helja is not glycosylated and its secretion is insensitive to brefeldin A, two of the major characteristics to discard ER/Golgi-mediated protein transport. Moreover, the levels of Helja in sunflower extracellular vesicles are not affected by brefeldin A treatment. Our results suggest that Helja could be exported through an exosome-mediated pathway and point out that this mechanism may be responsible for the secretion of at least part of the leaderless proteins detected in the extracellular compartment of plants.

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Section: Apoplastic Vesicles and Proteins Without Predicted Signal Pesupporting

confidence: 77%

Apoplastic exosome-like vesicles: A new way of protein secretion in plants?

Regente

Pinedo

Elizalde

et al. 2012

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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“…However, the membrane invaginations in the leaf AZ of Phaseolus vulgaris (Webster, 1973) have gained renewed attention of late, with regard to their association with multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and PBs. MVBs are redirected to the plasma membrane, where they release their contents, including internal vesicles captured in PBs, into the extracellular space by membrane fusion (reviewed in An et al, 2007). Similar structures have been recently described during Arabidopsis floral organ abscission (Liljegren et al, 2009).…”

Section: Abscission Is Impeded In Transgenic Plants Overexpressing Anmentioning

confidence: 97%

Programmed Cell Death Occurs Asymmetrically during Abscission in Tomato

et al. 2011

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Abscission occurs specifically in the abscission zone (AZ) tissue as a natural stage of plant development. Previously, we observed delay of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaf abscission when the LX ribonuclease (LX) was inhibited. The known association between LX expression and programmed cell death (PCD) suggested involvement of PCD in abscission. In this study, hallmarks of PCD were identified in the tomato leaf and flower AZs during the late stage of abscission. These included loss of cell viability, altered nuclear morphology, DNA fragmentation, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and enzymatic activities, and expression of PCD-associated genes. Overexpression of antiapoptotic proteins resulted in retarded abscission, indicating PCD requirement. PCD, LX, and nuclease gene expression were visualized primarily in the AZ distal tissue, demonstrating an asymmetry between the two AZ sides. Asymmetric expression was observed for genes associated with cell wall hydrolysis, leading to AZ, or associated with ethylene biosynthesis, which induces abscission. These results suggest that different abscission-related processes occur asymmetrically between the AZ proximal and distal sides. Taken together, our findings identify PCD as a key mechanism that occurs asymmetrically during normal progression of abscission and suggest an important role for LX in this PCD process.

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“…The secretion of EVs is highly conserved and has been demonstrated in bacteria (Kulkarni and Jagannadham 2014, Kaparakis-Liaskos and Ferrero 2015), protozoa (Mantel and Marti 2014), insects (Beckett, Monier et al 2013), plants (An, van Bel et al 2007, Mu, Zhuang et al 2014, Samuel, Bleackley et al 2015) and mammals (Colombo, Raposo et al 2014). There are several categories of EVs: apoptosomes that are released from cells undergoing apoptosis, microvesicles that are released by evagination of the plasma membrane, and exosomes which are generated by the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVB) with the plasma membrane and the release of intraluminal vesicles (ILV) into the extracellular fluid (Figure 1) (Colombo, Raposo et al 2014, Yanez-Mo, Siljander et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of lysosome status on extracellular vesicle content and release

Eitan

Suire

Shi

et al. 2016

Ageing Research Reviews

204

161

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale size bubble-like membranous structures released from cells. EVs contain RNA, lipids and proteins and are thought to serve various roles including intercellular communication and removal of misfolded proteins. The secretion of misfolded and aggregated proteins in EVs may be a cargo disposal alternative to the autophagy-lysosomal and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways. In this review we will discuss the importance of lysosome functionality for the regulation of EV secretion and content. Exosomes are a subtype of EVs that are released by the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVB) with the plasma membrane. MVBs can also fuse with lysosomes, and the trafficking pathway of MVBs can therefore determine whether or not exosomes are released from cells. Here we summarize data from studies of the effects of lysosome inhibition on the secretion of EVs and on the possibility that cells compensate for lysosome malfunction by disposal of potentially toxic cargos in EVs. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate trafficking of MVBs to lysosomes and the plasma membrane may advance an understanding of diseases in which pathogenic proteins, lipids or infectious agents accumulate within or outside of cells.

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Do Plant Cells Secrete Exosomes Derived from Multivesicular Bodies?

Cited by 151 publications

References 30 publications

Apoplastic exosome-like vesicles: A new way of protein secretion in plants?

Apoplastic exosome-like vesicles: A new way of protein secretion in plants?

Programmed Cell Death Occurs Asymmetrically during Abscission in Tomato

Impact of lysosome status on extracellular vesicle content and release

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