Programmed Cell Death Occurs Asymmetrically during Abscission in Tomato

Bar-Dror, Tal; Dermastia, Marina; Kladnik, Aleš; Žnidarič, Magda Tušek; Pompe-Novak, Maruša; Meir, Shimon; Burd, Shaul; Philosoph‐Hadas, Sonia; Ori, Naomi; Sonego, Lilian; Dickman, Martin B.; Lers, Amnon

doi:10.1105/tpc.111.092494

Cited by 102 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(138 reference statements)

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“…2), (Bar‐Dror et al . 2011) and significant induction of LeLX on the distal side of the AZ (Figure S1). In contrast, no characteristic signs of PCD were revealed 24 h after abscission induction in the petiole abscission zone of the transgenic line (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The proximal side of the AZ in the WT plants shows ameboidal nucleus as a hallmark of membrane trafficking (Bar‐Dror et al . 2011) and its distal side shows the features of PCD with ruptured tonoplast of the vacuole and other membrane organelles undergoing a stepwise degradation, but largely unprocessed dead cells (Bar‐Dror et al . 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2011) and its distal side shows the features of PCD with ruptured tonoplast of the vacuole and other membrane organelles undergoing a stepwise degradation, but largely unprocessed dead cells (Bar‐Dror et al . 2011). The cells of the transgenic line cannot be differentiated from the cells of the AZ .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expression of all of the genes was normalised relative to the expression of the reference gene that encodes cytochrome oxidase ( COX ; Bar‐Dror et al . 2011; Müller et al . 2015), and the gene expression levels are given as the relative numbers of copies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that abscission of the tomato leaf petiole and flower pedicel includes two late spatially divided processes: cell separation and programmed cell death (PCD; Bar‐Dror et al . 2011; Dermastia et al . 2012; Chersicola et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The pattern of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate oxidase induction in the tomato leaf petiole abscission zone is independent of expression of the ribonuclease‐LX‐encoding LeLX gene

et al. 2018

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The abscission of tomato leaves occurs in the petiole abscission zone, and its late stage includes two spatially divided processes: cell separation and programmed cell death (PCD). Both of these processes are regulated by ethylene. The last step in ethylene biosynthesis is conversion of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid to ethylene, which is catalysed by the enzyme 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate oxidase (ACO); however, the location of ACO in the leaf petiole abscission zone is not known. The tomato gene LeLX encodes ribonuclease LX, which is a marker for PCD and is induced by ethylene during abscission, but its association with ACO has not been explored.In a tomato transgenic line 1‐7 with inhibited expression of LeLX showing delayed leaf abscission, the morphology and ultrastructure of the leaf petiole abscission zone was examined. In this zone of the cv.’VF36’ and of a transgenic line 1‐7, spatiotemporal differences in expression of LeACO1 and LeACO4 were analysed and ACO protein was detected immunohistochemically.In comparison to wild‐type plants, there were no obvious morphological and ultrastructural features in the abscission zone of plants of a transgenic line 1‐7 before and after abscission induction. LeACO1 expression was low before abscission induction, and increased 24 h after induction, although with no apparent spatial pattern. In contrast, LeACO4 was expressed before abscission induction, and its transcript level declined 24 h after induction on the distal side of the abscission zone fracture. In the LeLX‐inhibited transgenic line, there were no significant differences in LeACO1 and LeACO4 expression in the petiole abscission zone, in comparison to wild‐type plants. In addition, the ACO protein was immunolocalised to the vascular tissues that traverse the petiole abscission zone in plants of wild type and of a transgenic line 1‐7; and additionally in the plane of future abscission zone fracture of transgenic‐line plants.The results suggest temporal differential expression of the LeACO genes in tomato leaf petioles and vascular localisation of ACO1 protein. Additionally, the results indicate that expression of LeACO genes is not affected by suppression of the LeLX expression.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The pattern of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate oxidase induction in the tomato leaf petiole abscission zone is independent of expression of the ribonuclease‐LX‐encoding LeLX gene

et al. 2018

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Abscission

Roberts¹,

Gonzalez‐Carranza²

2013

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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The abscission of organs takes place at discrete sites and at specific times during the life cycle of a plant. These observations suggest that the abscission zone comprises a layer of positionally differentiated cells that undergo separation from their neighbours in response to precise developmental and environmental cues. By studying mutants of Arabidopsis that exhibit an attenuated capacity to shed their floral organs, it has been possible to identify a number of genes that may play a role in both the differentiation of abscission zone cells and the timing of organ shedding. Recent advances in transcript profiling have also helped us unravel the changes in gene expression that accompany cell separation and further proteomic and metabolomic advancements will add to this knowledge over the coming years. The possible applications of this knowledge to agricultural and horticultural species are discussed. Key Concepts: The manipulation of abscission has been crucial during the history of agriculture and a more detailed understanding of the process could contribute to increases in both the quantity and quality of crop yield. Organ shedding takes place at discrete sites termed abscission zones that are differentiated early in development. The timing of organ shedding is regulated by distal tissues such as the leaf, flower or fruit. The study of mutants in Arabidopsis has played a key role in identifying the genes involved in abscission zone differentiation and development. The plant hormones auxin and ethylene play an important role in regulating when abscission takes place. Abscission involves cell wall dissolution and the molecular and biochemical events that regulate it may account for the remodelling that takes place at other sites during plant growth and development.

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Diversity and Functional Dynamics of Fleshy Fruit Abscission Zones

Tranbarger

Tadeo

2020

Annual Plant Reviews Online

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We examine the current knowledge about the abscission of fleshy fruit, in particular with regards to the development and function of the abscission zone (AZ). While tomato is currently the main model species to elucidate the mechanisms of fleshy fruit abscission, most studies on tomato focus on the development and function of the pedicel AZ, which is involved in both flower and ripe fruit abscission. However, the localization of the AZ within the pedicel is not the most common location of the AZ for fleshy fruit. Fleshy fruit can have one or more AZ, which can be found in different locations within the inflorescence and fruiting structure and fulfil different functions. In fact, most of the fleshy fruit species examined thus far have more than one AZ, which can be found at the boundary between the fruit and pedicel (often referred to as the calyx AZ), within the pedicel as with tomato, at the juncture of the pedicel and peduncle or at the juncture between peduncle and shoot/branch. In addition, the different AZs may be activated or function at different stages of development, under different environmental conditions, or have a completely different purpose, such as the abscission of fruitlets or mature fruit. Together, our current knowledge about AZs suggests that while there are similarities between different AZs in different locations or from different species, not all AZs are created equal, which may be reflected in the underlying molecular mechanisms that control their development and function.

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Programmed Cell Death Occurs Asymmetrically during Abscission in Tomato

Cited by 102 publications

References 111 publications

The pattern of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate oxidase induction in the tomato leaf petiole abscission zone is independent of expression of the ribonuclease‐LX‐encoding LeLX gene

The pattern of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate oxidase induction in the tomato leaf petiole abscission zone is independent of expression of the ribonuclease‐LX‐encoding LeLX gene

Abscission

Diversity and Functional Dynamics of Fleshy Fruit Abscission Zones

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