Do PD-1 and PD-L2 expression have prognostic impact in hematologic malignancies?

Abstract

Background and Aim: PD-1 (programmed death-1) is an immune checkpoint receptor that modulates T-cell activity in peripheral tissues via interaction with its ligands, PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) and PD-L2 (programmed death-ligand 2). Tumor cells upregulate PD-L1 or PD-L2 to dampen this T lymphocyte attack. Our goal was to demostrate the PD-1 and PD-L2 expresion rate of various hematologic malignancies, and to evaluate whether PD-1 and PD-L2 expresion have impact on prognosis. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, pre-treatment bone marrow biopsy specimens of 83 patients [42 multiple myeloma (MM), 21 acute leukemias, and 20 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)] have been stained with monoclonal antibody immunstains of PD-1 and PD-L2. Results: As a result, the overall expression rate of PD-1 was 26.2%, 4.8%, and 60% in patients with MM, acute leukemias, and CLL, respectively. Whereas, PD-L2 expression rate was 61.9%, 14.3%, and 10% in patients with MM, acute leukemias, and CLL, respectively. Conclusion: Finally, we conclude that the role of PD-1 pathway can be demonstrated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Since we have evaluated whether there is a correlation between (IHC) results and survival of patients with MM, acute leukemias, and CLL, we couldn’t demonstrate a meaningful evidence that these markers have an impact on prognosis. Key Words: PD-1, PD-L2, multiple myeloma, acute leukemias, chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Comparison of monoclonal antibodies targeting CD38, SLAMF7 and PD-1/PD-L1 in combination with Bortezomib/Immunomodulators plus dexamethasone/prednisone for the treatment of multiple myeloma: an indirect-comparison Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

“…In MM, immune disorders have become a significant part of novel therapeutic strategies [ 10 ]. As an immune checkpoint receptor, PD-1 regulates the activity of T-cells by interacting with PD-L1 and PD-L2 [ 32 ]. Specifically speaking, PD-1 binding with PD-L1 on the surface of MM cells inhibits T cell-proliferation and contributes to the immune escape of cancer cells [ 10 ].…”

Comparison of Monoclonal Antibodies targeting CD38, SLAMF7 and PD-1/PD-L1 in combination with Bortezomib/Immunomodulators plus Dexamethasone/Prednisone for the treatment of Multiple Myeloma: An Indirect-Comparison Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

“…and PD-L2 (programmed death-ligand 2). [32] Speci cally, the binding with PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) on the surface of tumor plasma cells down-regulates T cell-proliferation, thus contributing to the immune escape of tumor cells. [10] In MM it seems that an approach based on combination treatment might be appropriate as unsatisfactory results have been yielded by monotherapy with PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies.…”

B7 Family Members in Lymphoma: Promising Novel Targets for Tumor Immunotherapy?

“…Programmed death ligand-2 (PD-L2), is a PD-1 receptor. It is mainly expressed in dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells and B cells, as well as in hematological malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM), acute leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( 33 ). However, it has little or no significant effect on prognosis in these diseases ( 33 ).…”