Do Our Children Have a Chance?

Vega, José R. Molinas; Barros, Ricardo Paes de; Chanduvi, Jaime Saavedra; Giugale, Marcelo; Cord, Louise J.; Pessino, Carola; Hasan, Amer

doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-8699-6

Cited by 13 publications

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“…The concept of Human Opportunity was originally defined in Paes de Barros et al (2009) and these authors defined also what they called a Human Opportunity Index (HOI). As stressed in Molinas et al (2010) "in its simplest interpretation, the HOI measures the availability of services that are necessary to progress in life (say, running water), discounted or "penalized" by how unfairly the services are distributed among the population. So, two countries that have identical coverage may have a different HOI if the citizens that lack the service are all female, or black, or poor, or have many siblings or, more generally, share a personal circumstance beyond their control.…”

Section: A Comparison With Previous Studies Of Equality Of Opportunitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To correct for the inequity of the distribution of services, Paes de Barros et al (2009) as well as Molinas et al (2010) use as inequality index the dissimilarity index, which is also called the Duncan and Duncan index. 12 In their empirical analysis Molinas et al (2010) defined a Human Opportunity Index for Housing which took into account the access to three basic services, access to water, sanitation and electricity, an equal weight being given to these three types of services.…”

Section: A Comparison With Previous Studies Of Equality Of Opportunitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 In their empirical analysis Molinas et al (2010) defined a Human Opportunity Index for Housing which took into account the access to three basic services, access to water, sanitation and electricity, an equal weight being given to these three types of services. Molinas et al (2010) defined also a Human Opportunity Index for Education which is a simple average of the human opportunity index for completion of the sixth grade on time and the human opportunity index for school attendance for children of age 10 to 14. The overall Human Opportunity index is then a simple average of the Human Opportunity Indices for Housing and Education.…”

Section: A Comparison With Previous Studies Of Equality Of Opportunitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The overall Human Opportunity index is then a simple average of the Human Opportunity Indices for Housing and Education. Molinas et al (2010) present tables giving the value of these three human opportunity indices in different Latin American countries. These indices were available for 17 of the 18 countries for which we checked previously Rank and Generalized Lorenz Dominance (Molinas et al 2010, did not provide any data for Bolivia).…”

Section: A Comparison With Previous Studies Of Equality Of Opportunitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molinas et al (2010) present tables giving the value of these three human opportunity indices in different Latin American countries. These indices were available for 17 of the 18 countries for which we checked previously Rank and Generalized Lorenz Dominance (Molinas et al 2010, did not provide any data for Bolivia). We have then computed the ranking of these 17 Latin American countries for each of these Human Opportunity Indices as well as their ranking according to the row and column sums of Tables 3, 4 and 5 which checked for Rank and Generalized Lorenz Dominance.…”

Section: A Comparison With Previous Studies Of Equality Of Opportunitmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An ordinal approach to the study of intergenerational opportunities for standard of living: the case of Latin America

Deutsch

Silber

2011

J Econ Inequal

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This paper looks at the intergenerational transmission of opportunities for standard of living in Latin America. It proposes to study this question on the basis of an ordinal approach. This ordinal approach borrows recent ideas on the way to compare opportunity sets, that is, to rank matrices giving, for example, the distribution of individuals by level of education of their parents and the standard of living (income) of the group to which they belong. Such comparisons are based on the use of the concepts of rank and Generalized Lorenz Dominance. The empirical illustration is based on the data of the 2006 Latinobarómetro survey which covered 18 Latin American countries and the standard of living of individuals (children) was derived from an algorithm allowing one to compute the order of acquisition of durable goods and access to services.

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Section: A Comparison With Previous Studies Of Equality Of Opportunitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Comparison With Previous Studies Of Equality Of Opportunitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Comparison With Previous Studies Of Equality Of Opportunitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Comparison With Previous Studies Of Equality Of Opportunitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Comparison With Previous Studies Of Equality Of Opportunitmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

An ordinal approach to the study of intergenerational opportunities for standard of living: the case of Latin America

Deutsch

Silber

2011

J Econ Inequal

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A capital or capabilities education narrative in a world of staggering inequalities?

Walker

2012

International Journal of Educational Development

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Inequality of Opportunity, Income Inequality, and Economic Mobility: Some International Comparisons

Brunori¹,

Ferreira²,

Peragine³

2013

Getting Development Right

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu Despite a recent surge in the number of studies attempting to measure inequality of opportunity in various countries, methodological differences have so far prevented meaningful international comparisons. This paper presents a comparison of ex-ante measures of inequality of economic opportunity (IEO) across 41 countries, and of the Human Opportunity Index (HOI) for 39 countries. It also examines international correlations between these indices and output per capita, income inequality, and intergenerational mobility. The analysis finds evidence of a "Kuznets curve" for inequality of opportunity, and finds that the IEO index is positively correlated with overall income inequality, and negatively with measures of intergenerational mobility, both in incomes and in years of schooling. The HOI is highly correlated with the Human Development Index, and its internal measure of inequality of opportunity yields very different country rankings from the IEO measure. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SJEL Classification: D71, D91, I32Keywords: equality of opportunity, income inequality, social mobility, mobility NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARYMany different indices to measure inequality of opportunity have been proposed, but only two have been applied to enough countries to permit reasonably meaningful international comparisons. The inequality of economic opportunity index (IEO) estimates the (lower bound) share of income inequality that can be attributed to differences in people's pre-determined circumstances (such as race, gender and family background). It has been applied to 41 countries, and ranges from 2% in Norway to 34% in Guatemala. The second approach is known as the Human Opportunity Index (HOI): an index of children's access to basic services, penalized by unequal opportunities in that access. Like the IEO, the HOI must lie between 0 and 100%. In the 39 countries where it has been computed, it ranges from 10% in Niger to 91% in Chile. The IEO is positively correlated with income inequality, and negatively with intergenerational mobility -both in incomes and in years of schooling. The HOI is highly correlated with the Human Development Index. Its internal measure of inequality of opportunity -the dissimilarity index -yields very different country rankings from the IEO, highlighting the differences between the two methods. The IEO and the HOI may well be complementary, but users should be cautious to understand what each...

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Do Our Children Have a Chance?

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

An ordinal approach to the study of intergenerational opportunities for standard of living: the case of Latin America

An ordinal approach to the study of intergenerational opportunities for standard of living: the case of Latin America

A capital or capabilities education narrative in a world of staggering inequalities?

Inequality of Opportunity, Income Inequality, and Economic Mobility: Some International Comparisons

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