Do macroeconomic factors promote urbanization? Evidence from BRICS countries

Tripathi, Sabyasachi

doi:10.1007/s41685-020-00179-z

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…102 International trade is an important driver of urbanization since it encourages the agglomeration of economic activities (and hence labor) in specific urban areas, particularly where these are associated with international transport hubs, such as marine ports, airports, or national borders. [103][104][105] Cities that have greater number of global trade links tend to be highly urbanized, and this increases with the level of agricultural imports and exports of non-agricultural commodities. 106 Urban areas also represent hotspots of alien species richness, which in part can be explained by the high rate of deliberate introductions of alien species either for Review amenity value (e.g., street trees) or as pets (e.g., parrots) that subsequently escape, and also the higher international connectivity of large cities that facilitates unintentional introductions of alien species via ports and airports.…”

Section: International Trade Is An Indirect Driver Of Invasionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unwelcome exchange: International trade as a direct and indirect driver of biological invasions worldwide

Hulme

2021

One Earth

178

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Biological invasions are synonymous with international trade. The direct effects of trade have largely been quantified using relationships between imports and the number of alien species in a region or patterns in the global spread of species linked to shipping and air traffic networks. But trade also has an indirect role on biological invasions by transforming the environments and societies of exporting and importing nations.Here, both the direct and indirect roles of trade on biological invasions, as well as their interaction, are examined for the first time. Future trends in international trade, including e-commerce, new trade routes, and major infrastructure developments, will lead to the pressure on national borders soon outstripping the resources available for intervention. The current legislative and scientific tools targeting biological invasions are insufficient to deal with this growing threat and require a new mindset that focuses on curbing the pandemic risk posed by alien species.

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Section: International Trade Is An Indirect Driver Of Invasionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unwelcome exchange: International trade as a direct and indirect driver of biological invasions worldwide

Hulme

2021

One Earth

178

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“…Because of increased employment and income, people can move towards urban areas for better health and education facilities and improve their quality of life. It is therefore concluded that gross domestic savings can positively affect urbanization in a country (Tripathi, 2021). Industrialization is one of the main factors that significantly promote urbanization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this section, the literature review of such studies is presented. Tripathi (2021) investigated the macroeconomic factors of urbanization in the BRICS countries using data from 1960 to 2015. It was found that FDI, GDP, trade, employment in industry and services, inflation, population between the ages of 15 and 64, and energy use were crucial factors in increasing the percentage of urbanization.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-Economic Determinants of Urbanization in the Perspective of Pakistan

Arif

Gill

2023

Pak. J. Humanit. Soc. Sci

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This analysis examines the socioeconomic determinants of urbanization in Pakistan by using data from 1970 to 2020. For data estimation, an ARDL technique and error correction model is used. The main outcomes show that the variables gross domestic savings, inflation rate, industrialization, education, population growth rate, and GDP per capita are positively associated with urbanization, while the variables financial development and exports are negatively associated with urbanization in Pakistan. However, the impact of inflation rate, remittances, exports of goods and services and GDP per capita on urbanization is statistically insignificant. Considering the study outcomes, it is suggested that to control the increasing growth of urbanization in Pakistan, it is important to design policies to improve the basic necessities in rural areas and strengthen the agriculture sector to discourage rural-to-urban migration.

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“…Productivity & Innovation Economic Productivity Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita at current prices To make smart cities more effective for higher economic development, macroeconomic factors must be linked with regular urban policies [40].…”

Section: Indicator Area Indicator Description Rationale and Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Smartness and City Performance: Identifying Brazilian Smart Cities through a Novel Approach

et al. 2023

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While smart city transformation is a remarkably popular topic among urban policymakers across the globe, there is little evidence on how to evaluate a city’s smartness level accurately. This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by applying a novel assessment framework to a case study context and generating useful insights. To achieve this aim, the study evaluates the smartness levels of 27 Brazilian state capital cities through the indicators of productivity and innovation, livability and well-being, sustainability and accessibility, governance and planning, and connectivity and innovation. This urban smartness analysis is conducted through a smart city assessment framework that brings up three categories of smart city performance types—i.e., leading, following, and developing. The findings of the analysis revealed that the common characteristics of cities with leading smartness performance are having: (a) a strong innovation ecosystem; (b) Specific legislation for developing entrepreneurship; (c) Training opportunities for skilled labor; and (d) Conditions for knowledge-based development and digital transformation offerings and readiness. The analysis identified the smartest cities in Brazil as follows: Florianópolis, São Paulo, Vitória, Curitiba, Porto Alegre, Brasília, Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, and Cuiabá. This study offers insights from the application of a novel method in the Brazilian context for the local authorities to consider adopting for smart city performance and progress analyses and subsequently making necessary interventions to transform their smart city policy and practice to realize their desired goals.

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Do macroeconomic factors promote urbanization? Evidence from BRICS countries

Cited by 4 publications

References 36 publications

Unwelcome exchange: International trade as a direct and indirect driver of biological invasions worldwide

Unwelcome exchange: International trade as a direct and indirect driver of biological invasions worldwide

Socio-Economic Determinants of Urbanization in the Perspective of Pakistan

Urban Smartness and City Performance: Identifying Brazilian Smart Cities through a Novel Approach

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