“…Secondly, the content experiencing/broadcasting stage is characterized by hosts broadcasting and interacting with their audiences, driven by both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations (Lin, Wang, et al, 2021a, Lin, Yao, & Chen, 2021b). During this stage, the audience engages in various processes, including continuous watching (Hou et al, 2019; Singh et al, 2021), sending comments or danmaku (Lin & Lu, 2021; Wang, Guo, & Sun, 2019b; Wang, Pan, et al, 2019a), giving virtual gifts (Guan et al, 2022; Li & Peng, 2021; Liu et al, 2022; Ma et al, 2022; Wu et al, 2022; Yu et al, 2018; Zhou et al, 2019) and purchasing products (Lo et al, 2022; Park & Lin, 2020; Sun et al, 2019; Wongkitrungrueng et al, 2020).…”