Do living ex situ collections capture the genetic variation of wild populations? A molecular analysis of two relict tree species, Zelkova abelica and Zelkova carpinifolia

Christe, Camille; Kozlowski, Gregor; Frey, David; Fazan, Laurence; Bétrisey, Sébastien; Pirintsos, Stergios; Gratzfeld, Joachim; Naciri, Yamama

doi:10.1007/s10531-014-0756-9

Cited by 41 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Our results can be discussed in a broader context of ex situ and in situ conservation of crop wild relatives (Zizumbo-Villarreal et al , 2005; Andrianasolo et al , 2013; Christie et al , 2014; Greene et al , 2014; Hoban and Schlarbaum, 2014). There may be numerous factors important for a population's structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Morphological and phenological consequences of ex situ conservation of natural populations of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)

Solberg¹,

Yndgaard²,

Palmé³

2015

Plant Genet. Resour.

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Ex situ seed banks provide an effective conservation and utilization system for crops and their wild relatives. Efforts are made to reduce genetic drift in conservation, where regeneration is a critical step. In the present study, we examined eight wild populations of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) according to 13 morphological and phenological traits. Samples of original collected seed were grown and compared with plants from first and second ex situ generation, with commercial cultivars and landraces being included for purposes of comparison. Variance analysis and Tukey multiple comparisons of means showed that the commercial cultivars and landraces were clearly distinct from the wild populations and were excluded from the further analysis. Despite the fact that the wild accessions were collected from a geographically delimited region in Norway, they exhibited significant differences in several of the measured traits. The main phenotypic patterns remain after ex situ regenerations. However, the mean values for four of the examined traits (across accessions) did change significantly from one generation to the next. Two of the eight accessions had significantly changed from one generation to the next, a tendency was observed across all the studied traits. The results were discussed in terms of regeneration circumstances. Observed changes appeared to be directional, going from populations with predominantly wild morphological types towards plants more closely resembling the commercial cultivars. Such a directional change implies that selection or gene flow has been acting on the accessions during regeneration, rather than random changes owing to genetic drift.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Morphological and phenological consequences of ex situ conservation of natural populations of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)

Solberg¹,

Yndgaard²,

Palmé³

2015

Plant Genet. Resour.

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“…Collection range, which refers to whether collections for ex situ conservation were from part of or the entirety of the target species’ natural distribution range (Christe et al. 2014), is related to spatial sampling design (Neel & Cummings 2003; Hoban & Schlarbaum 2014; Hoban & Strand 2015; Kashimshetty et al. 2017; Hoban et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta‐analysis of genetic representativeness of plant populations under ex situ conservation in contrast to wild source populations

Wei

Jiang

2020

Conservation Biology

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Ex situ conservation is widely used to protect wild plant species from extinction. However, it remains unclear how genetic variation of ex situ plant collections reflects diversity of wild source populations. We conducted a global meta‐analysis of the genetic representativeness of ex situ populations by comparing genetic diversity (i.e., AR, allelic richness; He, expected heterozygosity; PPB, percent polymorphic bands; and SWI, Shannon–Winner index), inbreeding coefficient (FIS), and genetic differentiation between ex situ plant collections and their wild source populations. Genetic diversity (i.e., He, PPB, and SWI) was significantly lower in ex situ populations than their wild source populations, whereas genetic differentiation between ex situ and wild populations (ex‐situ‐wild FST), but not that among ex situ populations, was significantly higher than among wild populations. Outcrossing species, but not those with mixed mating system, had significantly lower genetic diversity in ex situ populations and significantly higher ex‐situ‐wild FST. When the collection size for ex situ conservation was ≥30 or 50, PPB, He, and ex‐situ‐wild FST were not significantly different between ex situ and wild populations, indicating a relatively high genetic representativeness. Collecting from the entire natural distribution range and mixing collections from different sources could significantly increase the genetic representativeness of ex situ populations. Type of ex situ conservation (i.e., planting or seed bank) had no effect on genetic representativeness. The effect size of He decreased and the effect size of ex‐situ‐wild FST increased as the duration of ex situ conservation increased. Our results suggest that current ex situ plant collections do not effectively capture the genetic variation of wild populations. Low genetic representativeness of ex situ populations was caused by both initial incomplete sampling from wild populations and genetic erosion during ex situ conservation. We emphasize that it is necessary to employ more thorough sampling strategies in future collecting efforts and to add new individuals where needed.

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“…In addition to assessing the coverage of the Strategy's targets by ENSCOBASE at species level, it is also essential, as highlighted by Sharrock et al (2014), to assess the infraspecific genetic diversity of ex situ collections. A species may possess high genetic variability in natural stands yet may be underrepresented in ex situ collections, as is the case for the Endangered tree Zelkova abelicea (Christe et al, 2014). We therefore assessed the contribution of ex situ plant conservation initiatives of the ENSCONET Consortium to meeting targets 8 and 9 of the 2011–2020 Global Strategy for Plant Conservation, and the level of infraspecific diversity of the threatened species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of seed banks across Europe towards the 2020 Global Strategy for Plant Conservation targets, assessed through the ENSCONET database

Rivière¹,

Müller²

2017

Oryx

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To meet the international biodiversity targets of the 2011–2020 Global Strategy for Plant Conservation, it is important to assess the success of coordinated ex situ plant conservation initiatives such as the European Native Seed Conservation Network (ENSCONET), which operated during 2005–2009, and the ENSCONET Consortium, which was established in 2010. In particular, analysis of the ENSCONET database (ENSCOBASE) indicates that ex situ seed banks have been making significant progress towards meeting targets 8 (at least 75% of threatened plant species in ex situ collections, preferably in the country of origin, and at least 20% available for recovery and restoration programmes) and 9 (70% of the genetic diversity of crops, including their wild relatives and other socio-economically valuable plant species, conserved, while respecting, preserving and maintaining associated indigenous and local knowledge) for native European species. However, the infraspecific diversity of threatened species stored in ENSCONET seed banks needs to be increased to meet research and conservation objectives.

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Do living ex situ collections capture the genetic variation of wild populations? A molecular analysis of two relict tree species, Zelkova abelica and Zelkova carpinifolia

Cited by 41 publications

References 39 publications

Morphological and phenological consequences of ex situ conservation of natural populations of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)

Morphological and phenological consequences of ex situ conservation of natural populations of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)

Meta‐analysis of genetic representativeness of plant populations under ex situ conservation in contrast to wild source populations

Contribution of seed banks across Europe towards the 2020 Global Strategy for Plant Conservation targets, assessed through the ENSCONET database

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