Do life history traits account for diversity of polychaete annelids?

McHugh, Damhnait; Fong, Peter P.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2002.tb00133.x

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…In invertebrates, it is unlikely that the number of generations will scale simply with body size, although there is some evidence of a positive correlation between generation time and body size for cephalopods (57) and annelids (data from ref. 58 and results not shown). The relationship between arthropod generation length and body size appears to be complex; both traits are separately affected by ecological factors such as season length, temperature (environmental and developmental), and resource availability (59-61).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

There is no universal molecular clock for invertebrates, but rate variation does not scale with body size

Thomas

Welch

Woolfit

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The existence of a universal molecular clock has been called into question by observations that substitution rates vary widely between lineages. However, increasing empirical evidence for the systematic effects of different life history traits on the rate of molecular evolution has raised hopes that rate variation may be predictable, potentially allowing the ''correction'' of the molecular clock. One such example is the body size trend observed in vertebrates; smaller species tend to have faster rates of molecular evolution. This effect has led to the proposal of general predictive models correcting for rate heterogeneity and has also been invoked to explain discrepancies between molecular and paleontological dates for explosive radiations in the fossil record. Yet, there have been no tests of an effect in any nonvertebrate taxa. In this study, we have tested the generality of the body size effect by surveying a wide range of invertebrate metazoan lineages. DNA sequences and body size data were collected from the literature for 330 species across five phyla. Phylogenetic comparative methods were used to investigate a relationship between average body size and substitution rate at both interspecies and interfamily comparison levels. We demonstrate significant rate variation in all phyla and most genes examined, implying a strict molecular clock cannot be assumed for the Metazoa. Furthermore, we find no evidence of any influence of body size on invertebrate substitution rates. We conclude that the vertebrate body size effect is a special case, which cannot be simply extrapolated to the rest of the animal kingdom.comparative method ͉ generation time ͉ metabolic rate ͉ Metazoa T he concept of a molecular clock, (a relatively constant rate of molecular evolution across lineages) has been fundamental in evolutionary biology for two main reasons. First, the observation of surprisingly even rates of protein change over evolutionary time (1) was one of the key concepts on which the neutral theory was constructed (2). Second, the molecular clock has provided one of the most useful new tools in evolutionary biology. The assumption that genetic distance is related to lineage divergence time has provided a way of reconstructing the evolutionary history of life. Molecular clocks have been particularly valuable for lineages with little or no fossil record (e.g., origins of emerging diseases such as HIV; ref.3) or for taxa or periods for which the fossil record may contain gaps (e.g., origin of the kingdoms; refs. 5 and 6).There is growing evidence, however, that substitution rates can vary considerably between species for a wide range of taxa, including mammals (7-9), arthropods (10-12), and vascular plants (13). Such findings suggest that the molecular clock may not ''tick'' at a steady rate, even between closely related lineages. The false assumption of a molecular clock when reconstructing molecular phylogenies can result in incorrect topology (14,15) and biased date estimation (16)(17)(18). The existence of widespread rate...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

There is no universal molecular clock for invertebrates, but rate variation does not scale with body size

Thomas

Welch

Woolfit

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Demographic parameters (female fertility (F) and larval mortality rate (m)) and subsequent minimum retention rate for population persistence R0 for O. fusiformis and generic species with passive larval dispersal durations increasing from 1 to 6 weeks. The most restrictive condition on adult mortality rate m 5 0.0042 d 21 for population stability was applied based on shortest life expectancy (3 yr, McHugh and Fong 2002). Female fertility in the oligotrophic Mediterranean Sea was taken in the lower part of the female fertility range (Koh 2002;Charles et al 2003) and was assumed to increase with species PLD (McHugh and Fong 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most restrictive condition on adult mortality rate m 5 0.0042 d 21 for population stability was applied based on shortest life expectancy (3 yr, McHugh and Fong 2002). Female fertility in the oligotrophic Mediterranean Sea was taken in the lower part of the female fertility range (Koh 2002;Charles et al 2003) and was assumed to increase with species PLD (McHugh and Fong 2002). Sex ratio S R in the adult population and fertilization success rate f were taken equal to 0.5 and 0.1, respectively, for all species (Eckman 1996).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using larval dispersal simulations for marine protected area design: Application to the Gulf of Lions (northwest Mediterranean)

Guizien¹,

Belharet²,

Marsaleix³

et al. 2012

Limnology & Oceanography

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The design (location and size) of sustaining, no-take reserves was investigated by combining realistic numerical simulations of larval dispersal from a sedentary marine species with a population dynamics model. The method explored, a priori: (1) the planktonic larval duration (PLD) of self-persistent populations within no-take reserves with radii from 1 to 20 km, (2) the size of a no-take reserve reaching self-persistent recruitment of the reserve population, and (3) offspring spillover to adjacent fisheries for PLDs from 1 to 6 weeks. In the Gulf of Lions (northwest Mediterranean), as the radius of a no-take reserve increased to 20 km, the median PLD of a selfpersistent species within the reserve increased from 2 to 6.5 d. No unique relation between PLD and sustaining notake reserve size could be established because of large spatial and temporal variabilities, thus precluding any general guidelines for marine protected area sizes. For species with mass spawning lasting , 3 d, variability due to spawning timing yielded twice the spatial variability, reflecting strong wind variability. In contrast, when spawning lasted more than 10 d, the spawning location became more important. Thus, a biological process (spawning duration) can trigger deterministic and stochastic effects of environmental variability. Finally, some unprotected areas (Narbonne to Agde and the Camargue) clearly appeared to be better locations than the existing no-take reserves for maximizing biodiversity persistence within a reasonable no-take reserve size (10 to 20 km) and for producing offspring spillover important for regional fisheries (80%).During the 10th meeting of the

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“…These interspecific differences in the reproductive characteristics may be associated with a different life span length. The correlations of generation time and reproductive output with taxonomic diversity have been systematically investigated in a wide variety of taxa (see McHugh & Fong, 2002). Marzluff & Dial (1991) found that diverse vertebrate and insect taxa are characterised by early age at first reproduction and short life span.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Variations in the Life History of Two Clones of Macrobiotus richtersi (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae)

2006

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A comparative study of life history traits of two clones (CDMr01 and CDMr02) of a triploid thelytokous apomictic population of the eutardigrade Macrobiotus richtersi has been carried out. Both clones were reared under the same lab conditions: temperature of 14°C, photoperiod of 12 h/12 h (L/D), and nematodes ad libitum as food. Statistical analysis of the life history traits considered has indicated interclonal variability. The two clones were significantly different in the number of eggs per clutch (fertility), number of eggs laid per female per life span (fecundity), hatching percentage of eggs and hatching time. Similarities between clones have been observed with regard to life span, total number of ovipositions per life span, and age at first oviposition. In addition, significant differences in hatching time, with eggs hatched over a long period, were found within each clone. Interclonal variability in life history traits indicated the effects of genetic factors, whereas intraclonal variability reflected the effects of environmental factors. The evolutionary and adaptive significance of the life history phenotypic variations is discussed.

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Do life history traits account for diversity of polychaete annelids?

Cited by 39 publications

References 146 publications

There is no universal molecular clock for invertebrates, but rate variation does not scale with body size

There is no universal molecular clock for invertebrates, but rate variation does not scale with body size

Using larval dispersal simulations for marine protected area design: Application to the Gulf of Lions (northwest Mediterranean)

Phenotypic Variations in the Life History of Two Clones of Macrobiotus richtersi (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae)

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