Do laser/LED phototherapies influence the outcome of the repair of surgical bone defects grafted with biphasic synthetic microgranular HA + β-tricalcium phosphate? A Raman spectroscopy study

Abstract

The treatment of bone loss is difficult. Many techniques are proposed to improve repair, including biomaterials and, recently, phototherapies. This work studied bone mineralization by Raman spectroscopy assessing intensities of Raman peaks of both inorganic (∼ 960, ∼ 1,070 cm(-1)) and organic (∼ 1,454 cm(-1)) contents in animal model. Six groups were studied: clot, laser, light-emitting diode (LED), biomaterial (HA + β-tricalcium phosphate), laser + biomaterial, and LED + biomaterial. Defects at right tibia were performed with a drill. When indicated, defects were further irradiated at a 48-h interval during 2 weeks. At the 15th and 30th days, the tibias were withdrawn and analyzed. The ∼ 960-cm(-1) peak was significantly affected by phototherapy on both clot- and biomaterial-filled defects. The ∼ 1,070-cm(-1) peak was affected by both time and the use of the LED light on clot-filled defects. On biomaterial-filled defects, only the use of the laser light significantly influenced the outcome. No significant influence of either the time or the use of the light was detected on clot-filled defects as regards the ∼ 1,454-cm(-1) peak. Raman intensities of both mineral and matrix components indicated that the use of laser and LED phototherapies improved the repair of bone defects grafted or not with biphasic synthetic microgranular HA + β-tricalcium phosphate.

Adjunctive techniques for enhancing mandibular growth in Class II malocclusion

“…Another study has indicated that LED application might increase new bone formation area, number of osteoblasts/osteoclasts, and vessels on rats subjected to orthopedic maxillary expansion [58]. Further researches have also demonstrated LED ability on promoting angiogenesis [59][60], and as an important adjunctive factor involved in the improvement of dentoalveolar osteogenesis [61].…”

Osteogenic Potential of Bovine Bone Graft in Combination with Laser Photobiomodulation: An Ex Vivo Demonstrative Study in Wistar Rats by Cross-Linked Studies Based on Synchrotron Microtomography and Histology

“…In this respect, photobiomodulation has shown promising results in stimulating cell proliferation, especially fibroblasts, macrophages and lymphocytes. It also promotes angiogenesis and synthesis of collagen [21][22][23][24]. Specifically, the use of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for wound healing, nerve injury repair, as well as the reduction of inflammation and pain, was tested shortly after the invention of lasers [25].…”

Histopathologic evaluation of the effects of local simvastatin application and photobiomodulation by light-emitting diode on bone healing of rat calvarial defects

“…Current investigations are challenged daily by the need to recover bone loss due to surgical procedures, trauma or pathological conditions. Several techniques for the repair of bone defects have been studied with the use of bone grafts and photobioengineering [1][2][3]. The use of bone grafts for repairing the maxillofacial deformities is a relatively common procedure.…”

“…Laser light has been used for accelerating bone repair in autologous bone grafts [1], dental implants [14] and different types of bone defects [15]. Low-intensity light therapy, ordinarily referred to to as photombiomodulation (PBM) by light in the far-red to near-infrared (NIR) region of the spectrum (630-1000 nm), stimulates several cellular functions.…”

“…Low-intensity light therapy, ordinarily referred to to as photombiomodulation (PBM) by light in the far-red to near-infrared (NIR) region of the spectrum (630-1000 nm), stimulates several cellular functions. PBM therapy has been shown to downregulate osteoclastogenesis, increase the cell proliferation including that of fibroblasts and to promote angiogenesis thus accelerating the bone repair process [1,2,16]. The use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and low level lasers (LLLs) are favourable therapeutic approaches in the treatment of infected and hypoxic wounds [17,18].…”