Do Habitat Actions Affect Juvenile Survival? An Information‐Theoretic Approach Applied to Endangered Snake River Chinook Salmon

Paulsen, Charles M.; Fisher, Timothy R.

doi:10.1577/ft03-220.1

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Credible large-scale studies examining the effectiveness of restoration are rare (Paulsen and Fisher 2005), and many restoration projects keep poor records of construction and maintenance costs (Bernhardt et al 2005). With the lack of statistically rigorous evidence, there has been a dependence on models and expert opinion for effectiveness evaluation (Sutherland et al 2004), which makes it challenging to assess the benefits of any investment or competing recovery techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Watershed-scale effectiveness of floodplain habitat restoration for juvenile coho salmon in the Chilliwack River, British Columbia

Ogston

Gidora

Foy

et al. 2015

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Although billions of dollars have been spent restoring degraded watersheds worldwide, watershed-scale studies evaluating their effectiveness are rare. To mitigate damage from past logging activities, the floodplain of the upper Chilliwack River watershed (ϳ600 km 2 ) was extensively restored from 1996 to 2000 through off-channel habitat restoration. The contribution of restored habitat to watershed-scale production of wild coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolts was estimated through an extensive mark-recapture program in 2002. 27%-34% of the production of the estimated 247 200 out-migrating coho smolts could be attributed to the 157 000 m 2 of newly created habitat. Area-based habitat models from the literature performed reasonably well in predicting smolt production from restored habitat, providing an acceptable first-order approach for evaluating production benefits of restoration. The costs of smolt production integrated over 30 years ranged from US$0.69-US$10.05 per smolt, falling within the range of hatchery production costs reported elsewhere (typical cost of ϳUS$1.00 per smolt) at the most cost-effective restoration sites. This study demonstrates that large-scale habitat restoration can effectively enhance fish production at a watershed scale, at a cost that may be comparable to hatchery smolt production.Résumé : Bien que des milliards de dollars aient été dépensés à restaurer des bassins versants dégradés dans le monde entier, les études à l'échelle du bassin versant qui s'intéressent à l'efficacité de ces actions sont rares. Afin d'atténuer les dommages causés par les activités de coupe de bois passées, la plaine inondable du bassin versant du cours supérieur de la rivière Chilliwack (ϳ600 km 2 ) a fait l'objet d'une vaste restauration de 1996 à 2000 reposant sur la restauration d'habitats à l'extérieur du chenal. La contribution des habitats restaurés à la production de saumoneaux sauvages de saumons cohos (Oncorhynchus kisutch) à l'échelle du bassin versant a été estimée dans le cadre d'un vaste programme de marquage-recapture en 2002. De 27 % à 34 % de la production d'un total estimé de 247 200 saumoneaux cohos ayant migré vers la mer peut être attribuée aux 157 000 m 2 de nouveaux habitats créés. Les modèles d'habitat reposant sur la superficie recensés dans la littérature prédisent raisonnablement bien la production de saumoneaux d'habitats restaurés, fournissant une approche de premier ordre acceptable pour évaluer les avantages de la restauration en ce qui concerne la production. Les coûts de la production de saumoneaux intégrés sur 30 ans allaient de 0,69 $US à 10,05 $US par saumoneau, soit dans la fourchette des coûts de production en écloserie rapportés dans d'autres ouvrages (coût typique de 1,00 $US par saumoneau) pour les sites restaurés les plus efficaces en terme de coûts. L'étude démontre que la restauration d'habitats à grande échelle peut accroître efficacement la production de poissons à l'échelle du bassin versant à un coût qui pourrait se comparer à la production de saumoneaux en écloser...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Watershed-scale effectiveness of floodplain habitat restoration for juvenile coho salmon in the Chilliwack River, British Columbia

Ogston

Gidora

Foy

et al. 2015

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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“…Recent analyses on this topic for these stocks have demonstrated that this is possible (e.g., Paulsen and Fisher 2005;Williams et al 2005). Given that most human actionswith the significant exception of marine harvest-occur in freshwater environments, their effects are at least potentially monitorable using well-established technologies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measure Twice, Estimate Once: Pacific Salmon Population Viability Analysis for Highly Variable Populations

Paulsen

Hinrichsen²,

Fisher

2007

Trans Am Fish Soc

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Abstract.-Because many stocks of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. are listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA), research has focused on predicting the future population dynamics for these low-abundance stocks. One method used to make predictions is known as population viability analysis. Pacific salmon populations exhibit much higher apparent variability than other ESA-listed vertebrates, and high variability increases the probability of extinction. If the high variability is primarily due to counting methods, it could be reduced in model predictions by using methods that correct for measurement error, sampling error, or both. Using data from British Columbia pink salmon O. gorbuscha and Snake River springor summer-run Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha and several modeling approaches (Ricker, Dennis, and statespace models), we compared repeated counts of the same population (e.g., spawner and fry, dam and redd counts). We applied the methods to the first half of the time series and compared the predictions with the last half of the time series. The results demonstrated that having counts of all life stages of a Pacific salmon population is no guarantee that variability will be markedly reduced. Measurement error is not the primary cause of high variability in empirical estimates of abundance or in predicted future abundance for the stocks analyzed. The very wide bounds on predicted abundance limit the utility of the model predictions for making management decisions. Furthermore, obtaining more accurate or complete measurements of population abundance is unlikely to reduce the wide error bounds in predictions of future abundances.Over the past 15 years many stocks of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. have been listed as threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) (NOAA Fisheries 2005). This has focused researchers' attention on a difficult problem: how best to predict the future course of population dynamics for listed stocks whose abundances are often greatly reduced from historic levels. One method used to make such predictions is known as population viability analysis (PVA). Several PVA methods have been used for modeling listed salmon populations, beginning with spawner-recruit (SR) models familiar to many fisheries biologists (e.g., Marmorek et al. 1998;Paulsen and Hinrichsen 2002). More recently, researchers, drawing on methods used for other ESAlisted vertebrate species (e.g., northern spotted owl Strix occidentalis caurina, loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta, snail kite Rostrhamus sociabilis, and Bachman's sparrow Aimophifa aestivulis; Morris et al. 2002), have employed diffusion approximation methods (e.g., Holmes 2004;Holmes and Semmens 2004). These methods have also been applied for long-term projections by management agencies at the evolutionarily significant unit (ESU) and population levels (NOAA 2000). Unlike spawner-recruit models diffusion approximation methods do not require information on the age of returning progeny (recruits) and, therefore, can be employed for...

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“…Based on the results, they conclude that there was a "close" association between land use practices and parr-to-smolt survival. Paulsen and Fisher (2005) performed a meta-analysis on parr-tosmolt survival rate data over 11 years from 33 sites in the Snake River basin. The results indicate that areas with habitat restoration actions were associated with relatively high parr-to-smolt survival rates.…”

Section: Review Of Survival Benefits Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Life History Diversity, Habitat Connectivity, and Survival Benefits Associated with Habitat Restoration Actions in the Lower Columbia River and Estuary, Annual Report 2010

Diefenderfer¹,

Johnson²,

Sather³

et al. 2011

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Do Habitat Actions Affect Juvenile Survival? An Information‐Theoretic Approach Applied to Endangered Snake River Chinook Salmon

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Watershed-scale effectiveness of floodplain habitat restoration for juvenile coho salmon in the Chilliwack River, British Columbia

Watershed-scale effectiveness of floodplain habitat restoration for juvenile coho salmon in the Chilliwack River, British Columbia

Measure Twice, Estimate Once: Pacific Salmon Population Viability Analysis for Highly Variable Populations

Evaluation of Life History Diversity, Habitat Connectivity, and Survival Benefits Associated with Habitat Restoration Actions in the Lower Columbia River and Estuary, Annual Report 2010

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