Do graphic health warning labels have an impact on adolescents’ smoking‐related beliefs and behaviours?

White, Victoria; Webster, Bernice; Wakefield, Melanie

doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02294.x

Cited by 164 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Prior smoking research has indicated that health beliefs about smoking are important psychological factors that influence adolescent decisions about smoking (Peracchio and Luna 1998). Moreover, survey work has shown that graphic visual warnings can increase cognitive processing of the labels, with more frequent reading, attention, thinking, and talking about the warning labels after exposure (White, Webster, and Wakefield 2008). This finding suggests a positive relationship between general beliefs about the health consequences of smoking and thoughts of quitting.…”

Section: Graphicnesssupporting

confidence: 49%

How Graphic Visual Health Warnings Affect Young Smokers’ Thoughts of Quitting

Andrews

Netemeyer

Kees

et al. 2014

Journal of Marketing Research

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Two-thirds of adolescent and young adult smokers become lifetime smokers, and one-half of those lifetime smokers will die from this habit. The authors examine alternative persuasive pathways to thoughts of quitting taken by adolescent and young adult smokers when exposed to graphic visual health warnings on cigarette packages. For adolescent smokers, the authors find that graphic warnings and smoking frequency affect fear, and fear influences negative health beliefs about smoking, ultimately increasing thoughts of quitting. They also find that the graphic warning and a graphic warning smoking frequency interaction have incremental effects on quit thoughts beyond the effects of fear and negative health beliefs. Using a longitudinal design with a sample of young adult smokers, the authors find support for many of the adolescent smoker findings, particularly the incremental effects of graphicness and its interaction with smoking frequency. These similar results from diverse samples support the use of graphic visual warnings but suggest that effects are attenuated for those who smoke the most. The authors offer implications for countermarketing programs and public health policy.

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Section: Graphicnesssupporting

confidence: 49%

How Graphic Visual Health Warnings Affect Young Smokers’ Thoughts of Quitting

Andrews

Netemeyer

Kees

et al. 2014

Journal of Marketing Research

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“…The results suggest that methods that help the individual to direct attention toward the long-term features of the stimuli (e.g., health in the case of food) may lead to better decisions in situations where immediate gratification is at odds with long-term well being. These findings also suggest a possible explanation, although a purely speculative one at this point, for why graphical cigarette warnings are associated with higher indicators of smoking cessation and prevention than less salient text warnings that convey similar information but may be less effective in capturing attention and, therefore, have less impact on value computations (White et al, 2008;Borland et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Focusing Attention on the Health Aspects of Foods Changes Value Signals in vmPFC and Improves Dietary Choice

Hare¹,

Malmaud²,

Rangel³

2011

Journal of Neuroscience

478

539

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Attention is thought to play a key role in the computation of stimulus values at the time of choice, which suggests that attention manipulations could be used to improve decision-making in domains where self-control lapses are pervasive. We used an fMRI food choice task with non-dieting human subjects to investigate whether exogenous cues that direct attention to the healthiness of foods could improve dietary choices. Behaviorally, we found that subjects made healthier choices in the presence of health cues. In parallel, stimulus value signals in ventromedial prefrontal cortex were more responsive to the healthiness of foods in the presence of health cues, and this effect was modulated by activity in regions of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. These findings suggest that the neural mechanisms used in successful self-control can be activated by exogenous attention cues, and provide insights into the processes through which behavioral therapies and public policies could facilitate self-control.

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“…Perhaps negative role models, regardless of whether they emphasized health or social outcomes, were more effective at increasing willingness to stop smoking due to the widespread knowledge of negative outcomes associated with tobacco use in contemporary American society. Unlike in the past, today antitobacco campaigns are ubiquitous and smoking reduction/cessation polices are implemented more aggressively as evidenced by public policy as well as proliferating advertisements in the media (Farrelly, Nonnemaker, Davis, & Hussin, 2009;Hahn et al, 2008;White, Webster, & Wakefield, 2008;World Health Organization, 2009). Perhaps because the negative health outcomes of smoking are more salient today due to public awareness, young adults are focusing more closely on the negative outcomes of tobacco use, regardless of whether they are health or socially based.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%