Do general intellectual functioning and socioeconomic status account for performance on the Children's Gambling Task?

Mata, Fernanda; Sallum, Isabela; Miranda, Débora Marques de; Bechara, Antoine; Malloy-Diniz, Leandro Fernandes

doi:10.3389/fnins.2013.00068

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…This study has important limitations. Unfortunately, intelligence was not assessed in the current study, although it is unlikely that intelligence may have affected the present findings since it has been shown that it is not related to affective decision-making (Mata et al, 2013 ). The wide age range of the present study is also a limitation, since IGT performance in children and adolescents is known to be influenced by development (Smith et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Staying and shifting patterns across IGT trials distinguish children with externalizing disorders from controls

et al. 2013

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The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is the most widely instrument used in the assessment of affective decision-making in several populations with frontal impairment. The standard performance measure on the IGT is obtained by calculating the difference between the advantageous and the disadvantageous choices. This standard score does not allows the assessment of the use of different strategies to deal with contingencies of gain and losses across the task. This study aims to compare the standard score method used in IGT with a method that analyses the patterns of staying and shifting among different decks across the 100 choices, considering contingencies of choices with and without losses. We compared the IGT performance of 24 children with externalizing disorders (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder) and 24 healthy age-matched children. The analyses of the standard score across all blocks failed to show differences among children with externalizing disorders and control children. However, healthy children showed a pattern of shifting more from disadvantageous decks to advantageous decks and choosing more consecutive cards from the advantageous decks across all blocks, independently of the contingency of losses. On the other hand, children with externalizing disorders presented a pattern of shifting more from advantageous decks to disadvantageous ones in comparison to healthy children and repeatedly chose cards from the B deck across all blocks. This findings show that even though differences among groups might not be found when using the standard analyses, a different type of analysis might be able to show distinct strategies on the execution of the test.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Staying and shifting patterns across IGT trials distinguish children with externalizing disorders from controls

et al. 2013

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“…SES and parental education level are associated with both weight status [16] and performance in the IGT [17,18]. However, only few studies have controlled for these possibly confounding variables, and conclusions regarding their role were inconsistent [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overweight and Normal-Weight Children’s Decision-Making in a Child Variant of the Iowa Gambling Task

Lensing

Elsner

2017

Child Development Research

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In the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), overweight as compared to normal-weight adults make more risky decisions resulting in immediate rewards and long-term losses. Findings regarding a potentially moderating role of gender have been inconsistent and investigations on the development of weight-group differences in decision-making during childhood are lacking. Using a 3-wave longitudinal study, we examined decision-making in a matched sample of 94 overweight and 94 normal-weight children (49% girls, aged 6-9 years at wave 1) over a 3-year period. Decision-making was measured with the Hungry Donkey Task (HDT), an ageappropriate version of the IGT, and learning within the task was examined via analysis across trial blocks. Mixed-design ANOVA revealed that more risky decisions were made by overweight as compared to normal-weight children and by girls as compared to boys. Within-task learning was evident at all three waves, moderated by weight group and gender. However, although risky decisions generally decreased across the 3-year period, weight-group and gender differences did not significantly change over the 3-year period. Our findings demonstrate that weight-group and gender differences in decision-making are already present and do not significantly change over a 3-year period in middle childhood.

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“…There are several limitations in the study. First, study indicated that children with high socioeconomic status performed better on Children’s Gambling Task compared to children with low socioeconomic status ( Mata et al, 2013 ). The socioeconomic status may also influence young adults’ IGT performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of working memory load on uncertain decision-making: evidence from the Iowa Gambling Task

et al. 2015

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The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) simulates uncertain gains and losses in real life situations and thus is a good measure of uncertain decision-making. The role of working memory (WM) in IGT performance still remains unclear. The present study aimed to examine the effect of WM on IGT performance. Three groups of participants matched on gender ratio were randomly assigned to no WM load, low WM load, and high WM load conditions. Initially the three groups did not show significant difference in WM capacity. They finished a modified version of IGT and then their implicit learning effect and explicit cognition on IGT were assessed. Results indicated a linear increasing trend of IGT performance among high WM load, low WM load and no WM load groups; participants in the no WM load and low WM load groups revealed implicit learning effect, while participants in the high WM load group did not; all participants showed explicit cognition on IGT to the same level. These results suggested that participants in the high WM load group showed good explicit cognition to IGT but showed poor performance. This pattern is similar to frontal patients. Further studies should be conducted to explore this issue.

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Do general intellectual functioning and socioeconomic status account for performance on the Children's Gambling Task?

Cited by 15 publications

References 58 publications

Staying and shifting patterns across IGT trials distinguish children with externalizing disorders from controls

Staying and shifting patterns across IGT trials distinguish children with externalizing disorders from controls

Overweight and Normal-Weight Children’s Decision-Making in a Child Variant of the Iowa Gambling Task

Effects of working memory load on uncertain decision-making: evidence from the Iowa Gambling Task

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