Do fever-relieving Medicines have anti-COVID Activity: an in silico Insight

Abstract

Aim: The present study was performed to determine the inhibitory interaction of fever-relieving medicines with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) essential proteins. Materials & methods: Structure-based drug repositioning was performed using PYRX 0.9 and these drugs were directed toward the predicted active site of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain, main protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Results: Results showed that acetaminophen and naproxen have considerable inhibitory activity and show a high affinity for active residues of these proteins. The prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS) studies showed that these drugs are anti-inflammatory, antiviral and immunostimulant. Conclusion: Hence, it is proven that these drugs have antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and can stimulate the immune and anti-inflammatory response against this disease.

Neuropeptides, New Ligands of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein, a Potential Link between Replication, Inflammation and Neurotransmission

“…Naproxen inhibited replication and reduced inflammation in a model of reconstituted lung epithelium [17]. In silico studies suggested that naproxen and acetaminophen may not only bind the N protein but also SARS-CoV-2 main protease, the RBD domain of spike and the polymerase [40].…”

Impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on pharmaceuticals in wastewater treated for beneficial reuse: Two case studies in central Pennsylvania

“…Samples were collected in trace‐cleaned 1‐L amber glass bottles with polytetrafluoroethylene–lined caps. These samples were analyzed for selected pharmaceuticals, including pain medications and fever reducers (acetaminophen and naproxen), for which use is encouraged to treat mild COVID‐19 related symptoms (Shah et al., 2021 ; Yousefifard et al., 2020 ); antibiotics (ampicillin, doxycycline, ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim), which are used to treat secondary bacterial infections experienced by some hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 (Chedid et al., 2021 ; Shafran et al., 2021 ) and known to occur in waterways and wastewater treatment plants (Ebele et al., 2017 ; Kibuye et al., 2019 ) during viral pandemics (Singer et al., 2014 ); and therapeutic agents (remdesivir and dexamethasone) and hydroxychloroquine, which have been used in some cases to treat hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 (Beigel et al., 2020 ; Gao et al., 2020 ; Horby et al., 2021 ). Analysis for dexamethasone began on 1 Oct. 2020.…”

“…Over the course of the COVID‐19 pandemic, people experiencing mild symptoms but not severely ill to the point of needing hospitalization were generally advised to treat their symptoms with pain relievers and cough suppressants, including common over‐the‐counter pain medications such as naproxen and acetaminophen (Shah et al., 2021 ; Yousefifard et al., 2020 ). Meanwhile, some hospitalized patients were treated with the malaria drug hydroxychloroquine (Gao et al., 2020 ) and the therapeutic antiviral drug remdesivir (Beigel et al., 2020 ).…”

Studi In Silico Aktivitas Analog Senyawa Zizyphine dari Bidara Arab (Zizyphus spina-christi) sebagai Antivirus SARS-CoV-2 terhadap Reseptor 3CLpro

“…Dalam penelitian ini aktivitas biologis yang dianalisis adalah potensi senyawa analog Zizyphine sebagai antivirus. Probabilitas Pa and Pi bervariasi yang diinterpretasikan dalam rentang yang bervariasi pula, diantaranya: (i) nilai Pa> Pi dianggap memiliki kemungkinan aktif; (ii) jika Pa >0,7 peluang aktif secara eksperimen tinggi; (iii) jika Pa>0,5 tapi lebih kecil dari 0,7 peluang aktif secara eksperimental ada, akan tetapi senyawanya mungkin berbeda dengan agen farmasi yang dikenal; (iv) jika Pa <0,5 peluang untuk menemukan aktivitas secara eksperimental rendah, namun peluang untuk menemukan entitas kimia baru tinggi (Abdelli et al, 2021;Shah et al, 2021).…”