Impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on pharmaceuticals in wastewater treated for beneficial reuse: Two case studies in central Pennsylvania

Hayden, Kathryn; Jones, Matthew; Elkin, Kyle R.; Shreve, Michael J.; Clees, William Irvin; Clark, Shirley E.; Mashtare, Michael L.; Veith, Tamie L.; Elliott, Herschel A.; Watson, John E.; Silverman, Justin D.; Richard, Thomas L.; Read, Andrew F.; Preisendanz, Heather E.

doi:10.1002/jeq2.20398

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(125 reference statements)

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“…Economical, effi cient, and environmentally friendly treatment technolo-gies to remove these constituents are imperative in addressing these concerns [11,12]. Moreover, detecting these contaminants in the ambient environment is paramount [13][14][15]. These compounds classifi ed as emerging pollutants (EPs) are directly injected from industries, institutions, and sewage effl uents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroquine degradation in aqueous solution under electron beam irradiation

Kabasa,

Sun,

Bułka

et al. 2024

Nukleonika

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Pharmaceutically active compounds are the most widely produced and consumed consumer products that pose a substantial threat to the environment and living organisms owing to their pharmacokinetics, side effects, and contraindications. In this study, the degradation of chloroquine (CQ), a popular antimalarial and recently proposed COVID-19 drug, was investigated under electron beam (EB) irradiation of aqueous solutions. Both the hydroxyl radical and hydrated electron generated in the radiolysis of water contribute to the degradation of CQ in aqueous solution. The overall removal efficiency for 125 mg·L-1 of the CQ solution under EB treatment is reported to be >80% at neutral pH at a maximum irradiation dose of 7 kGy. Removal efficiency is further favored by acidic and slightly alkaline conditions where reactions with hydroxyl radicals and hydrated electrons are favored, respectively. Additionally, increments in the applied dose resulted in the increased removal efficiency for the same concentration of CQ. Conversely, the removal efficiency decreased with increasing concentration of CQ at the same irradiation dose. The initial solution pH, applied irradiation dose, and initial pollutant concentration play an important role in the EB-induced degradation of CQ by influencing the available oxidizing and reducing species. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) were not significantly decreased during the treatment process and indicated the formation of organic byproducts, which were not further degraded under the current experimental conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroquine degradation in aqueous solution under electron beam irradiation

Kabasa,

Sun,

Bułka

et al. 2024

Nukleonika

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“…Since the Outbreak of the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (COVID- 19) in December 2019, the pandemic has caused a huge pretreatment of solid phase extraction, and then analysis by liquid-mass [10][11][12][13] . Due to the limitation of drug monitoring, there are few clinical test data on these drugs at present, and it is difficult to find the optimal dose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

H‐Bonded Supramolecular Crystals‐Coated Solid‐Phase Microextraction enables the Matrix Interference‐Free Detection of the COVID‐19 Antiviral Drugs

Wang

Shi

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Inter

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Since the outbreak of COVID‐19, many antiviral drugs have been used to treat infected patients. Excessive drug concentrations may not only damage patients' organs, but also lead to increased mortality. The lack of data makes it difficult for them to be treated with these drugs under proper and safe dosage. However, due to the complexity of fluid matrixand structures of the antiviral drugs, it is still difficult to detect the drugs in biofluids. Herein, solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) is applied for the detection of biological matrix, which has the advantages of simplicity, efficiency and environmental protection. With abundant hydrogen bond sites and appropriate molecular volume, biocompatible graded‐pore HOF10x series materials are selected as the fiber coating for exploration. Consequently, HOF101 could achieve high enrichment effect of drugs due to the commensurate mesopores and hydrogen bond non‐covalent interaction. Moreover, the excellent extraction capacity of the HOF101 fiber is verified to be consistent in various interfering conditions. The obtained limits of detections (LODs) are 0.24–0.66 ng L−1, and the recoveries of the biofluids in three concentration levels ranged from 80.30% to 120.1%. It shows the low LODs and satisfactory recoveries of this analytical method, which is expected to be applied in medical systems for drug monitoring.

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“…The worldwide consumption of pharmaceuticals is predicted to increase by 200% by 2030 from the 42 billion defined daily doses in 2015 [ 17 ]. For instance, during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, an unprecedented rise in the usage of drugs and medications was observed [ 18 ]. Generally, PCs tend to encroach on the host environment, such as aqueous media, viz ., surface water, groundwater, cryosphere, and wastewater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar-mediated removal of pharmaceutical compounds from aqueous matrices via adsorption

Chauhan

Shafi

Dubey

et al. 2022

Waste Dispos. Sustain. Energy

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Pharmaceutical is one of the noteworthy classes of emerging contaminants. These biologically active compounds pose a range of deleterious impacts on human health and the environment. This is attributed to their refractory behavior, poor biodegradability, and pseudopersistent nature. Their large-scale production by pharmaceutical industries and subsequent widespread utilization in hospitals, community health centers, and veterinary facilities, among others, have significantly increased the occurrence of pharmaceutical residues in various environmental compartments. Several technologies are currently being evaluated to eliminate pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) from aqueous environments. Among them, adsorption appears as the most viable treatment option because of its operational simplicity and low cost. Intensive research and development efforts are, therefore, currently underway to develop inexpensive adsorbents for the effective abatement of PCs. Although numerous adsorbents have been investigated for the removal of PCs in recent years, biochar-based adsorbents have garnered tremendous scientific attention to eliminate PCs from aqueous matrices because of their decent specific surface area, tunable surface chemistry, scalable production, and environmentally benign nature. This review, therefore, attempts to provide an overview of the latest progress in the application of biochar for the removal of PCs from wastewater. Additionally, the fundamental knowledge gaps in the domain knowledge are identified and novel strategic research guidelines are laid out to make further advances in this promising approach towards sustainable development.

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Impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on pharmaceuticals in wastewater treated for beneficial reuse: Two case studies in central Pennsylvania

Cited by 14 publications

References 67 publications

Chloroquine degradation in aqueous solution under electron beam irradiation

Chloroquine degradation in aqueous solution under electron beam irradiation

H‐Bonded Supramolecular Crystals‐Coated Solid‐Phase Microextraction enables the Matrix Interference‐Free Detection of the COVID‐19 Antiviral Drugs

Biochar-mediated removal of pharmaceutical compounds from aqueous matrices via adsorption

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