Do farmers misuse pesticides in crop production in China? Evidence from a farm household survey

Sun, Siqi; Hu, Ruizhong; Zhang, Chao; Shi, Guanming

doi:10.1002/ps.5332

Cited by 47 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Pesticides can be derived from natural compounds or synthesized. Different pesticide applications can be used as herbicides, insecticides, or fungicides [1]. The last few decades have witnessed a marked increase in pesticide use, making them an effective and irreplaceable measure to control plant diseases and pests [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and Histopathological Alterations in Different Tissues of Rats Due to Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity of Cymoxanil

Ahmed

Massoud

Derbalah

et al. 2020

Animals

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Evaluating potential adverse health impacts caused by pesticides is an important parameter in human toxicity. This study focuses on the importance of subchronic toxicity assessment of cymoxanil fungicide in rats with special reference to target biochemical enzymes and histopathological changes in different tissues. In this regard, a 21-day toxicity study with repeated cymoxanil oral doses was conducted. It has been shown that low doses (0.5 mg/kg) were less effective than medium (1 mg/kg) and high (2 mg/kg) doses. Moreover, high dose dose-treated rats showed piecemeal necrosis in the liver, interstitial nephritis and tubular degeneration in the kidneys, interstitial pneumonia and type II pneumocyte hyperplasia in the lungs, gliosis, spongiosis, and malacia in the brain, and testicular edema and degeneration in the testes. Cymoxanil significantly increased AST, ALT, and ALP in serum and liver, indicating tissue necrosis and possible leakage of these enzymes into the bloodstream. Creatinine levels increased, indicating renal damage. Similarly, significant inhibition was recorded in brain acetylcholinesterase, indicating that both synaptic transmission and nerve conduction were affected. Importantly, these histopathological and biochemical alterations were dose-dependent. Taken together, our study reported interesting biochemical and histopathological alterations in different rat tissues following repeated toxicity with oral doses of cymoxanil. Our study suggests future studies on different pesticides at different concentrations that would help urge governments to create more restrictive regulations concerning these compounds’ levels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and Histopathological Alterations in Different Tissues of Rats Due to Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity of Cymoxanil

Ahmed

Massoud

Derbalah

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…Pesticide expenditure in rice, maize and wheat production during the period 1989-2005 was about 26, 52 and 78 percent higher than that before 1989 (Table III), which once more provides evidence that the commercialization reform of the governmental agricultural extension system significantly increased pesticide expenditure in China (Hu et al, 2009;Zhang, Hu, Shi, Jin, Robson and Huang, 2015;Sun, Hu, Zhang and Shi, 2019). With the implementation of the de-commercialization reform since 2006, however, pesticide expenditure changed in different directions in rice, maize and wheat production.…”

Section: Measuring Pesticide Overusementioning

confidence: 84%

“…China is the largest producer and user of chemical pesticides worldwide (Huang et al, 2001;Qiao et al, 2012;Zhang, Hu, Shi, Jin, Robson and Huang, 2015;Sun, Hu, Zhang and Shi, 2019). During the period 1991-2016, the production quantity of chemical pesticides in China has dramatically increased from 0.26 to 3.21m metric tons (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants and overuse of pesticides in grain production

Sun

Zhang

2020

CAER

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Purpose The negative externalities of pesticide overuse increasingly concern the public. However, little empirical evidence has been provided for pesticide overuse and the relationship between the governmental agricultural extension system reforms and pesticide use in grain production from a nationwide perspective. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the productive effect and overuse of pesticides, and it also investigates the effect of the governmental agricultural extension system reforms on pesticide expenditure in rice, maize and wheat production in China. Design/methodology/approach A two-equation system model consisting of an exponential-specific damage-control production function and a pesticide use function is applied to the provincial-level data during the period 1985–2016. Findings While pesticide expenditure significantly increases grain productivity, the actual pesticide expenditure exceeds the economically optimal level. The commercialization reform of the governmental agricultural extension system contributed to the increase in pesticide expenditure. Moreover, the de-commercialization reform of the governmental agricultural extension system plays a limited role in pesticide reduction. Price fluctuations for grain and pesticide also impose significant effects on pesticide expenditure. Originality/value This study has two important policy implications for pesticide reduction in China. It is urgent to specify the functions of the governmental agricultural extension system, and encourage the development of the socialized agricultural technology service. More efforts should also be made to remove the bureaucratic intervention on the pricing mechanism of grain product and pesticide.

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“…Hence, enhancing the R&D and extension of agricultural fertilization technology would be greatly conducive to the reduction of fertilizer use intensity. Some previous studies reveal that while agricultural R&D and extension have made a great contribution to agricultural production in China, some problems remain to be solved [65][66][67][68][69][70]. China's government should deepen the reform of agricultural R&D and extension systems to meet the urgent need for the sustainable development of agriculture.…”

Section: Conclusion and Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Fertilizer Use Intensity Respond to the Urban-Rural Income Gap? Evidence from a Dynamic Panel-Data Analysis in China

Zhang

2020

Sustainability

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This study aims to investigate the impact of the urban-rural income gap on fertilizer use intensity in China. A theoretical analysis of the relationship among per capita rural income, the urban-rural income gap, and fertilizer use intensity is developed, which is similar to the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Both the Theil index and urban-rural income ratio are employed to measure the urban-rural income gap using a provincial-level panel dataset covering 25 provincial-level administrative regions over the period 1995–2017. The estimation results of the system Generalized Method of Moments show that the expansion of the urban-rural income gap significantly increases fertilizer use intensity. While an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between fertilizer use intensity and per capita rural income, the peak turning point is much higher than the actual per capita rural income of all provinces in China. This demonstrates that fertilizer use intensity would further increase with the growth of rural income over a period of time. In addition, a lower growth rate of the agricultural product price, larger total sown size, and technological progress are likely to reduce fertilizer use intensity. This study has several important policy implications for promoting the sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas in China. Specifically, efforts must be made to narrow the urban-rural income gap, encourage agricultural research and extension, and promote land conversion and appropriately scaled-up agricultural business.

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Do farmers misuse pesticides in crop production in China? Evidence from a farm household survey

Cited by 47 publications

References 19 publications

Biochemical and Histopathological Alterations in Different Tissues of Rats Due to Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity of Cymoxanil

Biochemical and Histopathological Alterations in Different Tissues of Rats Due to Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity of Cymoxanil

Determinants and overuse of pesticides in grain production

Does Fertilizer Use Intensity Respond to the Urban-Rural Income Gap? Evidence from a Dynamic Panel-Data Analysis in China

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