Biochemical and Histopathological Alterations in Different Tissues of Rats Due to Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity of Cymoxanil

Abstract

Evaluating potential adverse health impacts caused by pesticides is an important parameter in human toxicity. This study focuses on the importance of subchronic toxicity assessment of cymoxanil fungicide in rats with special reference to target biochemical enzymes and histopathological changes in different tissues. In this regard, a 21-day toxicity study with repeated cymoxanil oral doses was conducted. It has been shown that low doses (0.5 mg/kg) were less effective than medium (1 mg/kg) and high (2 mg/kg) doses. Moreover, high dose dose-treated rats showed piecemeal necrosis in the liver, interstitial nephritis and tubular degeneration in the kidneys, interstitial pneumonia and type II pneumocyte hyperplasia in the lungs, gliosis, spongiosis, and malacia in the brain, and testicular edema and degeneration in the testes. Cymoxanil significantly increased AST, ALT, and ALP in serum and liver, indicating tissue necrosis and possible leakage of these enzymes into the bloodstream. Creatinine levels increased, indicating renal damage. Similarly, significant inhibition was recorded in brain acetylcholinesterase, indicating that both synaptic transmission and nerve conduction were affected. Importantly, these histopathological and biochemical alterations were dose-dependent. Taken together, our study reported interesting biochemical and histopathological alterations in different rat tissues following repeated toxicity with oral doses of cymoxanil. Our study suggests future studies on different pesticides at different concentrations that would help urge governments to create more restrictive regulations concerning these compounds’ levels.

Study the Protective Effect of Ginger against the Toxicity of Dimethoate on Hormones in Rabbits

“…The objective of this study was to determine the protective role of ginger (100 mg/kg BW) according to Fayrouz et al [26] on hormones of male New Zealand White rabbits, dimethoate was given as measurements of sublethal (43.2 mg/kg BW each other day for 12 weeks) [27]. The LD50 of DM when given orally to rabbits was reported to be 10 000 mg/kg BW respectively [28]. Rabbits were orally administered their respective doses for 3 month.…”

Ameliorative Effects of Bovine Lactoferrin on Benzene-Induced Hematotoxicity in Albino Rats

“…The liver is the primary organ concerned with the biotransformation of chemicals, which mostly results in markedly detrimental effects on the biochemistry of hepatocytes, such as excessive ROS generation, which causes oxidative damage not only in the liver but also in other organs, including the kidneys, spleen, and hematopoietic system (36,(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50). In this study, Bz-treated rats revealed significant increases in serum bioactivities of AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH and decreased serum total protein, albumin, and α2-and γ-globulin concentrations.…”

Photocatalytic Detoxification of Some Insecticides in Aqueous Media Using TiO2 Nanocatalyst

“…Moreover, Descotes et al, 1996 [70], reported focal basophilia of renal tubules in rats following daily intragastric treatment with cyclosporine A. Another study reported that a high dose (2 mg/kg) of cymoxanil in rats showed piecemeal necrosis in the liver combined with interstitial nephritis and tubular degeneration in the kidney [72]. In the same line, no obvious changes were recorded in the brain of rats following treatment with a low dose (0.5 mg/kg) of malathion for 21 consecutive days [69].…”