Do determinants of burden and emotional distress in dementia caregivers change over time?

Abstract

This epidemiological and cross-sectional study describes the burdens and emotional distress observed among caregivers of elderly people. It was carried out in 2009 with 124 caregivers living in the city of Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil, using the following instruments: the Zarit Burden Scale and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) for caregivers. Data analysis was carried out in the SPSS, version 15.0, using descriptive, univariate (frequency tables) and bivariate (contingency tables for qualitative variables) statistics. Among the caregivers, 85.6% were women, with an average age of 56.5 years, spent an average of 12.4 hours daily with care, and 57.6% of them had mild to moderate burdens. Multiple linear regressions revealed that older adults' functional dependence and caregivers' gender and time spent weekly providing daily care were predictors of being burdened (p<0.05). Burden is also a risk factor for emotional distress (p<0.05). It is important for nurses to use protocols based on risk factors to evaluate caregivers in order to prevent burdens from developing. DESCRIPTORS: Caregivers. Psychological stress. Aged. SOBRECARGA E DESCONFORTO EMOCIONAL EM CUIDADORES DE IDOSOS RESUMO: A finalidade deste estudo foi descrever a sobrecarga e o desconforto emocional dos cuidadores de idosos. Estudo epidemiológico e transversal conduzido em 2009 com 124 cuidadores residentes na comunidade de Ribeirão Preto-SP, por meio dos instrumentos: Escala de Sobrecarga de Zarit e Self-Reporting Questionaire (SRQ-20) para o cuidador. A análise dos dados foi realizada no aplicativo SPSS, 15.0, de forma descritiva, univariada (tabelas de frequência) e bivariada (tabelas de contingência para variáveis qualitativas). Os cuidadores, 85,6% do sexo feminino, média de 56,5 anos, utilizaram, em média, 12,4 horas diárias para o cuidar e 57,6% dos cuidadores apresentaram de leve a moderada sobrecarga. Dependência funcional do idoso, sexo do cuidador e tempo em horas para o cuidado, foram preditores da sobrecarga (p<0,05). Encontrou-se, também, que a sobrecarga é fator de risco para desconforto emocional (p<0,05). Cabe aos enfermeiros utilizarem protocolos de avaliação, com base nos fatores de risco, para prevenir a sobrecarga. DESCRITORES: Cuidadores. Estresse psicológico. Idoso. LA SOBRECARGA Y DESÁNIMO EN LOS CUIDADORES DE ADULTOS MAYORES RESUMEN: La finalidad del estudio fue describir la sobrecarga y desánimo de los cuidadores de adultos mayores. Estudio epidemiológico y transversal realizado en el 2009 con 124 cuidadores que viven en la ciudad de Ribeirão Preto, SP, por medio de los instrumentos de: Escala de Sobrecarga de Zarit y Self-Reporting Questionaire (SQR-20) para el cuidador. El análisis de los datos fue ejecutado en el sistema SPSS, 15.0, de forma descriptiva, univariada (tablas de frecuencia) y bivariada (las tablas de contingencia para las variables cualitativas). Con respecto a los cuidadores, 85,6% fueron del sexo femenino, con edad promedio de 56,5 años, utilizaron en promedio 12,4 horas diarias para el cuidado de los a...

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