Do Depressive Symptoms Predict Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia?

Gatz, Jennifer; Tyas, Suzanne L.; John, P. S.; Montgomery, Patrick R.

doi:10.1093/gerona/60.6.744

Cited by 111 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…33,34 However, in 2 large clinical-pathologic studies of persons with and without dementia, level of depressive symptoms in the last years of life was not related to the pathologic hallmarks of AD or other common dementias. 35,36 Thus, although AD 37 and cerebrovascular disease 38 may contribute to latelife depression, current data suggest that at least some of the association between depressive symptoms and subsequent cognitive dysfunction [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] reflects factors other than the pathologic lesions traditionally linked with late-life dementia. Consistent with this idea, depressive symptoms have been associated with reduced density of dendrites and spines in the CA3 region of the hippocampus, 39 a characteristic finding in animal models of chronic stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Temporal course of depressive symptoms during the development of Alzheimer disease

Wilson¹,

Hoganson²,

Rajan³

et al. 2010

Neurology

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Objective: To characterize change in depressive symptoms before and after the onset of dementia in Alzheimer disease (AD). Method:We used data from the Chicago Health and Aging Project, a longitudinal cohort study of risk factors for AD in a geographically defined population of old people. Two subsets were analyzed. In 357 individuals who developed incident AD during the study, self-report of depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) was obtained at 3-year intervals for a mean of 8 to 9 years. In 340 individuals who agreed to annual data collection, informant report of depressive symptoms (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) was obtained for a mean of 3 years after a diagnosis of AD (n ϭ 107), mild cognitive impairment (n ϭ 81), or no cognitive impairment (n ϭ 152). Results:The incident AD group reported a barely perceptible increase in depressive symptoms during 6 to 7 years of observation before the diagnosis (0.04 symptoms per year) and no change during 2 to 3 years of observation after the diagnosis except for a slight decrease in positive affect. In those with annual follow-up, neither AD nor its precursor, mild cognitive impairment, was associated with change in informant report of depressive symptoms during a mean of 3 years of observation. Conclusion:

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Depressive symptoms predict the development of Alzheimer disease (AD) [1][2][3][4][5][6] and its precursor, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), [7][8][9] and are commonly reported in persons with these conditions. 10,11 Yet the bases of the association between depression and AD are not known.…”

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confidence: 99%

Temporal course of depressive symptoms during the development of Alzheimer disease

Wilson¹,

Hoganson²,

Rajan³

et al. 2010

Neurology

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“…However, many recent researchers have supported the latter hypothesis. Gatz et al [51] reported that a history of depression was not a significant predictor of AD and that depressive symptoms measured at baseline were better predictors of AD. In addition, the serotonergic system, which is closely associated with mechanisms of depression, is involved in early AD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of and Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Korean Elderly

Bae

Kim

Han

et al. 2014

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background/Aims: Knowledge of incidence rates and risk factors is essential for the development of strategies to treat patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: A subpopulation of the Nationwide Survey on Dementia Epidemiology (460 Korean subjects aged ≥65 years from 2 rural and 2 urban districts) was followed up for 3.5 years. The age-specific incidence was estimated and risk factors were identified. Results: The age-standardized incidence of AD and MCI was 7.9 and 28.1 cases per 1,000 person-years, respectively. MCI was associated with a 6-fold increased risk of AD. Depression was a risk factor for AD with MCI. Age, lack of formal education, illiteracy, rural residence, and marital status were associated with the risk of AD. Conclusion: Strategies to control modifiable risk factors should be implemented to decrease the incidence of AD. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel

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“…At average, the prevalence of geriatric DP on elderly in nursing homes is 60% and on elders that live in the community is 10% [6], which according to Lebowitz and collaborators generates great impact on the health services [7]. It is noteworthy that the majority of the cases manifest more somatic and cognitive symptoms than mood alterations [8][9][10], and there are indicatives that DP is an important risk factor for CD and DM [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and Cognitive Decline: Factors Related to Demographics and Psycho Pharmacotherapy on Elderly in Nursing Homes

2014

J Psychiatry

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Objectives: To identify the prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders, especially DP and CD, on a sample of nursing home residents, relating this prevalence with some aspects of the demographics and psycho pharmacotherapy.Methods: 48 elders from two different nursing homes were selected. The collection of demographic and pharmacological data was made utilizing medical records. The medication was classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Code (ATC) criteria. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS 30) and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) tests were utilized to determine the prevalence of DP and CD.Results: It was observed in the sample a high incidence of DP and CD among the researched elders. More schooling individuals tend to present less CD. Individuals with less CD indicatives present less symptomatology for DP. Of all the researched elders, 54,2% are submitted to psycho pharmacotherapy. Of all the consumed medicine, 16,5% belonged to the class of neuropsychiatric medicine. The medicated elders present, in average, a larger symptomatology for DP (12 points/average/GDS) than the non-medicated elders (9,9 points/average/GDS). The inverse occurs in relation to the CD indicatives. The use of psychotropics, especially in association, can have negative effects related to depression and cognition. Discussion:The pharmacotherapy, characterized for the polymedication and chronicity, especially of neuropsychiatric medicines, deserves special attention among elders, because the data suggest a significant relation between the utilization of medicines, singly or in association, and the increase of CD and DP. In addition, the data suggest that DP is a risk factor for CD and DM.

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Do Depressive Symptoms Predict Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia?

Abstract: Because depressive symptoms as measured by the CES-D predict the development of AD and dementia over 5 years, clinicians should monitor their older patients with these symptoms for signs of cognitive impairment.

Cited by 111 publications

References 13 publications

Temporal course of depressive symptoms during the development of Alzheimer disease

Temporal course of depressive symptoms during the development of Alzheimer disease

Incidence of and Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Korean Elderly

Depression and Cognitive Decline: Factors Related to Demographics and Psycho Pharmacotherapy on Elderly in Nursing Homes

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