Do collective property rights make sense? Insights from central Vietnam

Marschke, Melissa; Armitage, Derek; An, Lê Văn; Tuyen, Truong Van; Mallee, Hein

doi:10.18352/bmgn-lchr.334

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Government officials and university researchers worked together to devise a model of comanagement that would be suitable for local fishers. The processes of forming FAs, capacity building, and development of FA fisheries management plans have been described in detail in several recent papers (Tuyen et al 2010, Armitage et al 2011, Boonstra and Nhung 2011, Marschke et al 2012, Ho et al 2015. Throughout focus group discussions and key informant interviews there was a consistent message that although virtually all FAs in the Cau Hai lagoon have received rights allocations, most are still not performing their management functions.…”

Section: Collective-planning Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding social-ecological change and transformation through community perceptions of system identity

Andrachuk¹,

Armitage²

2015

E&S

Self Cite

190

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ABSTRACT. We developed an empirical approach to consider social-ecological system change and transformation by drawing on resource users' knowledge and perceptions. We applied this approach in the Cau Hai lagoon, a coastal area dominated by small-scale fisheries in central Vietnam. Nine focus groups with more than 70 fishers were used to gather information about key social-ecological system elements and interactions, historical social-ecological dynamics, and possible thresholds between distinct social-ecological system identities. The patterns of change in livelihoods and resource exploitation in the Cau Hai lagoon are similar to those seen in other coastal lagoon and small-scale fishery contexts. Our findings show some promise for the use of local knowledge and the perceptions of resource user communities to understand and characterize social-ecological transformations. Importantly, however, we also demonstrate how social-ecological transformations are complicated processes driven by many factors beyond the control of any singular individual or group. We argue that (1) the occurrence of social-ecological transformations can result in either positive or negative outcomes and (2) that we need to direct our thinking away from drawing tidy conclusions about if and when social-ecological transformations take place. Our research also encourages scholars to carefully consider how we frame the benefits of participatory, community-based governance initiatives. Importantly, we need to examine the ways that governance initiatives will be beneficial for some people and detrimental for others, and we need to be fully aware of locally contested interests and acknowledge competing priorities for fisheries management and human well-being. Community-oriented assessments informed by resilience thinking can help to open up questions about economic, political, cultural, and environmental aspects of undesirable path dependencies and traps.

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Section: Collective-planning Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding social-ecological change and transformation through community perceptions of system identity

Andrachuk¹,

Armitage²

2015

E&S

Self Cite

190

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“…Commons literature is poorly developed with regard to aquaculture; exceptions include studies of Vietnamese shrimp aquaculture (Armitage et al 2011;Huong and Berkes 2011;Marschke et al 2012) and collective management in Indian small-scale shrimp aquaculture (Umesh et al 2010). Given that many resources in Sri Lanka are managed by commons institutions, our results are perhaps not surprising.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Apparently, scholars consider aquaculture not to be part of the main commons area, as there are only a few references to it in the commons literature (Bush et al 2010;Galappaththi and Berkes 2014). Exceptions include Huong and Berkes (2011), Armitage et al (2011) and Marschke et al (2012). Can aspects of commons theory be applied to aquaculture?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drama of the commons in small-scale shrimp aquaculture in northwestern, Sri Lanka

Galappaththi

Berkes²

2015

Int J Commons

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Aquaculture, and shrimp aquaculture in particular, can have major social and environmental impacts. However, aquaculture remains an understudied area in commons research. Can aspects of commons theory be applied to solve problems of aquaculture? We examined three coastal community-based shrimp aquaculture operations in northwestern Sri Lanka using a case study approach. These shrimp farms were individually owned by small producers and managed under local-level rules designed by cooperatives (samithi). The common-pool resource of major interest was water for aquaculture ponds, obtained from an interconnected water body. We evaluated the shrimp farming social-ecological system by using Ostrom's design principles for collective action. Key elements of the system were: clearly defined boundaries; collaboratively designed crop calendar, bottom-up approach involving community associations, multi-level governance, and farmers-and-government collaborative structures. Together, these elements resolved the excludability and subtractability problems of commons by establishing boundary and membership rules and collective choice rules.

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“…They cannot afford to act in unsustainable ways, as they are accountable to the community in which they live and do not have huge investment capacity (Galappaththi andBerkes, 2014, 2015a). Furthermore, Marschke et al (2012) highlight how commons thinking can influence fisheries management including aquaculture.…”

Section: Commonisation and Decommonisation: The Two Faces Of Shrimp Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Two faces of shrimp aquaculture: commonising vs. decommonising effects of a wicked driver

Galappaththi

Nayak

2017

Maritime Studies

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Much coastal fisheries literature supports the idea that shrimp aquaculture has the potential to cause considerable social and environmental destruction. The aim of the paper is to highlight the two faces of shrimp aquaculture as a wicked driver, emphasizing its potential role in activating systematic conversion of lagoon -based fisheries commons to non-commons and vice versa. We use the cases of aquacultureled privatisation in Chilika Lagoon, located in the Bay of Bengal area of India, and collective action surrounding shrimp aquaculture in Northwestern Sri Lanka. For both studies, data are collected through mixed research methods, including semi-directive interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observations. Our analysis shows clear evidence that shrimp aquaculture can potentially contribute to either making commons or losing commons depending on the context and influences of multi-level drivers. Aquaculture-led factors contributing to the process of losing commons in Chilika are: large-scale, individually owned aquaculture operations; encroachment of customary fishery commons; loss of commons rights (access and entitlements); breakdown of commons institutions; policy changes; caste politics and resource conflicts; ecological disturbances; change in fishing practices. In Sri Lanka, aquaculture related factors contributing to making commons are: coordinating discharge; built-in incentive for stewardship; multi-level commons institutions; collective decision-making; bottom-up management approach; mixed commons regime; and small-scale operations.

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Do collective property rights make sense? Insights from central Vietnam

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Understanding social-ecological change and transformation through community perceptions of system identity

Understanding social-ecological change and transformation through community perceptions of system identity

Drama of the commons in small-scale shrimp aquaculture in northwestern, Sri Lanka

Two faces of shrimp aquaculture: commonising vs. decommonising effects of a wicked driver

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