Do calories, osmolality, or calcium determine gastric emptying?

Shafer, Rex B.; Levine, A. S.; Marlette, Julia M.; Morley, J. E.

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1985.248.4.r479

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, this possibility seems relatively remote. The t 1/2 for gastric emptying of even very hypertonic glucose and fructose solutions (2,780 mOsm/kg) was only ϳ1 h in healthy adults (24), and none of our subjects had any evidence of gastroparesis. A fructose load is emptied more rapidly from the stomach than a similar glucose load (25,26); therefore, the fructose might have actually had a stimulatory effect on gastric emptying.…”

Section: -Change From Basal In Plasma Glucose (A) and Insulin (B) Conmentioning

confidence: 59%

Acute Fructose Administration Improves Oral Glucose Tolerance in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

Mann²,

2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE -In normal adults, a small (catalytic) dose of fructose administered with glucose decreases the glycemic response to a glucose load, especially in those with the poorest glucose tolerance. We hypothesized that an acute catalytic dose of fructose would also improve glucose tolerance in individuals with type 2 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Five adults with type 2 diabetes underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on two separate occasions, at least 1 week apart. Each OGTT consisted of 75 g glucose with or without the addition of 7.5 g fructose (OGTT ϩ F or OGTT -F), in random order. Arterialized blood samples were collected from a heated dorsal hand vein twice before ingestion of the carbohydrate and every 15 min for 3 h afterward.RESULTS -The area under the curve (AUC) of the plasma glucose response was reduced by fructose administration in all subjects; the mean AUC during the OGTT ϩ F was 14% less than that during the OGTT -F (P Ͻ 0.05). The insulin AUC was decreased 21% with fructose administration (P ϭ 0.2). Plasma glucagon concentrations declined similarly during OGTT -F and OGTT ϩ F. The incremental AUC of the blood lactate response during the OGTT -F was ϳ50% of that observed during the OGTT ϩ F (P Ͻ 0.05). Neither nonesterified fatty acid nor triglyceride concentrations differed between the two OGTTs.CONCLUSIONS -Low-dose fructose improves the glycemic response to an oral glucose load in adults with type 2 diabetes, and this effect is not a result of stimulation of insulin secretion.

show abstract

Section: -Change From Basal In Plasma Glucose (A) and Insulin (B) Conmentioning

confidence: 59%

Acute Fructose Administration Improves Oral Glucose Tolerance in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

Mann²,

2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, the different tastes of the drinks might influence the initial responses, but this is unlikely to account for the sustained effects. The two drinks might also be emptied from the stomach at different rates, although studies have shown that osmolality has little or no effect on gastric emptying (15,24,28). Another possibility is that water and saline drinking might have differing effects on the levels of vasoactive hormones such as vasopressin or ANG-II.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular responses to water drinking: does osmolality play a role?

Brown¹,

Barberini²,

Dulloo³

et al. 2005

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Water drinking activates the autonomic nervous system and induces acute hemodynamic changes. The actual stimulus for these effects is undetermined but might be related to either gastric distension or to osmotic factors. In the present study, we tested whether the cardiovascular responses to water drinking are related to water's relative hypoosmolality. Therefore, we compared the cardiovascular effects of a water drink (7.5 ml/kg body wt) with an identical volume of a physiological (0.9%) saline solution in nine healthy subjects (6 male, 3 female, aged 26 +/- 2 years), while continuously monitoring beat-to-beat blood pressure (finger plethysmography), cardiac intervals (electrocardiography), and cardiac output (thoracic impedance). Total peripheral resistance was calculated as mean blood pressure/cardiac output. Cardiac interval variability (high-frequency power) was assessed by spectral analysis as an index of cardiac vagal tone. Baroreceptor sensitivity was evaluated using the sequence technique. Drinking water, but not saline, decreased heart rate (P = 0.01) and increased total peripheral resistance (P< 0.01), high-frequency cardiac interval variability (P = 0.03), and baroreceptor sensitivity (P = 0.01). Neither water nor saline substantially increased blood pressure. These responses suggest that water drinking simultaneously increases sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity and cardiac vagal tone. That these effects were absent after drinking physiological saline indicate that the cardiovascular responses to water drinking are influenced by its hypoosmotic properties.

show abstract

“…2 This effect has been ascribed to various demonstrated changes in motor functionsuppression of antral contractions,"5 reduction in gastric fundal tone,6 and increased resistance to liquid gastroduodenal outflow.3 The exact role of the pylorus in controlling gastric outflow has been controversial for years. There are conflicting data on patterns ofpyloric motility during fasting7"'0 and during delivery of acid or lipids into the duodenum.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%