Do Both Paternal and Maternal Smoking Influence the Prevalence of Childhood Asthma? A Study into the Prevalence of Asthma in Children and the Effects of Parental Smoking

Kay, Jacob; Mortimer, M.J.; Jaron, A.

doi:10.3109/02770909509089499

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Other symptoms such as night time coughing with no cold also increased when the children were exposed to passive smoking, although this effect was smaller. Our results are similar to those of Kay et al ,21 who found that parental smoking appeared to increase the prevalence of asthma, especially when both parents smoked.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema: the north east study

Shamssain

Shamsian

1999

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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Using the international study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire, 3000 children aged 6-7 years from various schools in the north east of England were studied. In this population, the lifetime prevalence rates of various symptoms and diagnoses were: wheezing, 29.6%; atopic eczema, 27.8%; rhinitis, 23.1%; and self reported asthma, 22.7%. Rhinitis was reported by 44% and 40% of boys and girls with asthma, respectively. Atopic eczema was reported by 46% of both boys and girls with asthma. The prevalence rates of reported asthma, and of symptoms suggestive of asthma, were higher than those reported from studies conducted on UK children in 1992. (Arch Dis Child 1999;81:313-317) Keywords: international study of asthma and allergies in childhood; asthma; rhinitis; eczema The national survey of asthma in children aged 5-17 years in the UK 1 revealed that in the past year, 15.0% of children had wheezed, 2.2% had more than 12 attacks, and 2.3% had experienced a speech limiting attack. It was also found that with increasing age, morbidity related to wheezing declined to a greater extent than the annual period prevalence.Kaur and colleagues 2 studied the prevalence of asthma symptoms in 12-14 year old British children and found that the national 12 month prevalence of any wheezing, speech limiting wheeze, four or more attacks of wheeze, and frequent night waking with wheeze was 33.3%, 8.8%, 9.6%, and 3.7%, respectively. They found that the prevalence of self reported symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of asthma was high among 12-14 year olds throughout the UK, with little geographical or urban-rural variation.Another ISAAC UK national study of 12-14 year old children throughout England, Wales, Scotland, and the Scottish Islands 3 showed that 18.2% of children reported recent rhinoconjunctivitis. They found that geographical variations were generally small but the prevalence of symptoms was significantly higher in Scotland and northern England. It was also higher in girls and subjects born within the UK. Of all children, 47.6% reported one or more current symptoms and 4% reported all three symptoms (asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, atopic eczema).As one of the participating centres of ISAAC, we surveyed the prevalence of asthma and allergic disease in 6-7 year old schoolchildren in the north east. The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema in these children. Our results will be compared with other studies using the same ISAAC protocol. MethodsWe obtained school lists from the Department of Education in the North East Region of England. We prepared sampling frames of mixed sex state schools with over 100 pupils in each school year. We randomly selected one school from each sampling frame, to produce 78 schools for study. We used the ISAAC written questionnaire for asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema. We sent 3750 questionnaires to parents or guardians of 6-7 year old children. Three thousand and fifty five questionnaires were returne...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema: the north east study

Shamssain

Shamsian

1999

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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“…We also showed that low-income families were more likely to contain two parents who smoked. A number of overseas 4,20,21 and Australian 22,23 studies have also reported that parents who smoke are drawn disproportionately from disadvantaged groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…49 Finally, given the now large body of literature that documents a relationship between parental smoking and infant health, it seems appropriate that we infer from the findings of our study and suggest that infants of parents who smoked, especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds, were at increased risk of experiencing higher mortality and morbidity for childhood conditions related to passive smoking, such as respiratory illness, middle ear effusion, SIDS, and reduced ventilatory function. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Given available evidence, we could also assume that the infants in this study's sample who were exposed to ETS will disproportionately experience adverse health consequences in later life, [13][14][15][16] and may themselves take up smoking in adulthood. [17][18][19] In short, we can see in our data the genesis of many adult socio-economic health differentials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Air We Breathe: Social determinants of smoking among parents with infants

Turrell

Battistutta

McGuffog

2002

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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Objectives : To estimate the smoking prevalence among parents of infants and examine these parents' socio‐demographic characteristics. Method : The sample of all parents of infants (669 mother‐father pairs, 90 single parents) was derived from the 1995 Australian Health Survey. Data were collected by face‐to‐face interview in the respondent's home. Socio‐demographic measures include parent's age, family structure, age‐left‐school, highest post‐school qualification, occupation, and family income. Results : The overall rate of smoking among parents was 28.9% (mothers 24.7%, fathers 33.7%). The lowest rate was observed among mothers with a post‐school tertiary qualification (7.6%) and the highest among fathers aged 18–24 (49.0%). In 15.4% of two‐parent families both parents smoked, but this rate differed markedly by family income (9.9% vs. 29.7% for high and low‐income families respectively). Multiple logistic regression showed that parents who smoked were more likely to be young, minimally educated, employed in blue‐collar occupations, and resident in low‐income families. Conclusions and implications : Infants in this sample who were exposed to parental smoking were likely to be at increased risk of experiencing higher mortality and morbidity for childhood conditions related to passive smoking; more likely to experience adverse health consequences in adulthood; and may themselves take up smoking in later life. The study results pose serious challenges to our tobacco control efforts and health interventions more generally. No single policy or strategy can adequately address the problem of parental smoking. We need macro/upstream approaches that deal with the degree of social and economic inequality in society, as well as more intermediate approaches that intervene at the level of communities, families and individuals.

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“…For instance, Park and Kim [33] deÿne a non-smoker as a person who had not smoked for one month prior to the interview, whereas, O'Connor et al [34] deÿne current cigarette smoking as currently smoking at least one cigarette per day or having quit such a habit within the past twelve months. Some papers did not even pro er a deÿnition of a smoker [35]. This nebulous deÿnition of smoking may contribute to the considerable variation shown in the results from otherwise comparatively analogous studies.…”

Section: Deÿnition Of Etsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate meta‐analysis

Nam

Mengersen

Garthwaite

2003

Statistics in Medicine

124

148

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Meta-analysis is now a standard statistical tool for assessing the overall strength and interesting features of a relationship, on the basis of multiple independent studies. There is, however, recent acknowledgement of the fact that in many applications responses are rarely uniquely determined. Hence there has been some change of focus from a single response to the analysis of multiple outcomes. In this paper we propose and evaluate three Bayesian multivariate meta-analysis models: two multivariate analogues of the traditional univariate random effects models which make different assumptions about the relationships between studies and estimates, and a multivariate random effects model which is a Bayesian adaptation of the mixed model approach. Our preferred method is then illustrated through an analysis of a new data set on parental smoking and two health outcomes (asthma and lower respiratory disease) in children.

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Do Both Paternal and Maternal Smoking Influence the Prevalence of Childhood Asthma? A Study into the Prevalence of Asthma in Children and the Effects of Parental Smoking

Cited by 18 publications

References 15 publications

Prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema: the north east study

Prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema: the north east study

The Air We Breathe: Social determinants of smoking among parents with infants

Multivariate meta‐analysis

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