Do Background Luminance Levels or Character Size Effect the Eye Blink Rate During Visual Display Unit (VDU) Work – Comparing Young Adults with Presbyopes?

Helland, Magne; Horgen, Gunnar; Kvikstad, Tor Martin; Aarås, Arne

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-73333-1_9

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Blink rate fluctuates when changing gaze direction [18], during line change [23], or squinting [29]. However, present results show that there is no significant influence to the change in SEBR given the above factors [22].…”

Section: Human Blinking Mechanismcontrasting

confidence: 61%

Stimulating a blink

Crnovrsanin

Wang

2014

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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Computers make incredible amounts of information available at our fingertips. As computers become integral parts of our lives, we spend more time staring at computer monitor than ever before, sometimes with negative effects. One major concern is the increasing number of people suffering from Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). CVS is caused by extensive use of computers, and its symptoms include eye fatigue, frequent headaches, dry eyes, and blurred vision. It is possible to partially alleviate CVS if we can remind users to blink more often. We present a prototype system that uses a camera to monitor a user's blink rate, and when the user has not blinked in a while, the system triggers a blink stimulus. We investigated four different types of eye-blink stimulus: screen blurring, screen flashing, border flashing, and pop-up notifications. Users also rated each stimulus type in terms of effectiveness, intrusiveness, and satisfaction. Results from our user studies show that our stimuli are effective in increasing user blink rate with screen blurring being the best.

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Section: Human Blinking Mechanismcontrasting

confidence: 61%

Stimulating a blink

Crnovrsanin

Wang

2014

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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“…Measures of fixations and eye blinks were collected using the gaze coordinates and the missing data points in pupil size. They were used as alternative measures of attention engagement because of their robustness to visual characteristics of the images such as luminance and color ( Helland et al, 2007 ; Açik et al, 2009 ). One subject was excluded from the fixation analysis and two others from the blink analysis as their data were rated as outliers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Controlling statistically for the variance explained by luminance still led to a significant effect of type of image, but this effect was also low (

= 0.06). One solution to this was to rely on other eye-tracking measures known to be impervious to luminance variations ( Helland et al, 2007 ; Açik et al, 2009 ). Again, these measures led to significant differences between high and low mystery images with effect sizes varying from low to moderate (Cohen’s d s = −0.33, −0.43, and 0.57).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Differential Impact of Mystery in Nature on Attention: An Oculometric Study

2021

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Nature exposure can provide benefits on stress, health and cognitive performance. According to Attention Restoration Theory (ART), the positive impact of nature on cognition is mainly driven by fascination. Fascinating properties of nature such as water or a winding hiking trail may capture involuntary attention, allowing the directed form of attention to rest and to recover. This claim has been supported by studies relying on eye-tracking measures of attention deployment, comparing exposure to urban and nature settings. Yet, recent studies have shown that promoting higher engagement with a nature setting can improve restorative benefits, hence challenging ART’s view that voluntary attention is resting. Besides, recent evidence published by Szolosi et al. (2014) suggests that voluntary attention may be involved during exposure to high-mystery nature images which they showed as having greater potential for attention restoration. The current study explored how exposure to nature images of different scenic qualities in mystery (and restoration potential) could impact the engagement of attention. To do so, participants were shown nature images characterized by either low or high mystery properties (with allegedly low or high restoration potential, respectively) and were asked to evaluate their fascination and aesthetic levels. Concurrently, an eye tracker collected measures of pupil size, fixations and spontaneous blinks as indices of attentional engagement. Results showed that high-mystery nature images had higher engagement than low-mystery images as supported by the larger pupil dilations, the higher number of fixations and the reduced number of blinks and durations of fixations. Taken together, these results challenge ART’s view that directed attention is merely resting during exposure to restorative nature and offer new hypotheses on potential mechanisms underlying attention restoration.

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“…Other symptoms were reported in studies that evaluated the usage of SNSs including anxiety, social isolation, depression, nutritional disorders and deterioration of academic performance (23-26); these symptoms are mostly due to psychological dependence on SNSs and are not exactly related to the direct effect of digital devices. Many factors interact to give rise to the visual and muscular symptoms of this syndrome, mainly decreased blinking while focusing on the screen (27), and the uncomfortable posture maintained by users for long periods (28). However, Chu and colleagues (19) compared eye symptoms following reading from a computer monitor to reading a printed copy under similar viewing conditions and found that reported symptoms were significantly worse after computer use than after hard copy reading.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of digital device usage and its related health effects on elementary and middle school students: an instrument development and regression analysis

Alamri¹,

Alhibshi²,

Alnefaie³

et al. 2018

Electron. physician

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Background: The use of digital devices has increased tremendously during recent years in Saudi Arabia. Many concerns were raised about the safety of this technology. Objective: To develop an instrument for determining the pattern of use of digital devices, and to investigate the link between the use of digital devices and visual symptoms among students of general education schools. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from the beginning of April 2017 to the end of September 2017 among students of general education schools in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. The study sample included 475 randomly selected participants. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire had two parts: the first part was about personal information of the study participants, while the second part was about the pattern of use of digital devices, associated visual complaints after use, and recommendations to decrease visual health hazards. IBM-SPSS version 22 was used to conduct the statistical analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations with visual and muscular complaints; odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were generated. Chi square goodness-of-fit test was used to compare categorical variable frequencies across different groups. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 475 students completed the questionnaire. Nearly half the respondents were males aged more than 19 years old (p<0.001). Most respondents attended secondary schools (p<0.001). Most users experienced neck or shoulder pain (n=305, 64.2%, p<0.001), followed by headaches (n=301, 63.4%, p<0.001), and visual disturbances (n = 275, 57.9%, p=0.001). The majority of students used cellular phones or tablets (n=389, 83.8%). Half the respondents spent more than 4 hours daily using digital devices (p<0.001) and had 2 or more devices. Most students agreed that decreasing the duration of usage (n=217, 45.7%) and scheduling hours (n=214, 45.1%) are the best solutions to decrease the health hazards of digital devices. Logistic regression analysis identified female gender (OR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.6-4.8, p<0.001) and exposure to digital devices for more than 2 hours per day (OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.4-6.3, p=0.006) as significant predictors of symptoms. Conclusion: A significant proportion of school students were aware that prolonged use of digital devices is associated with visual and muscular complaints. Females and individuals spending more than 2 hours a day using these devices are more prone to visual and muscular complaints. Decreasing the hours of usage is necessary to avoid digital device-related health risks.

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Do Background Luminance Levels or Character Size Effect the Eye Blink Rate During Visual Display Unit (VDU) Work – Comparing Young Adults with Presbyopes?

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Stimulating a blink

Stimulating a blink

The Differential Impact of Mystery in Nature on Attention: An Oculometric Study

Patterns of digital device usage and its related health effects on elementary and middle school students: an instrument development and regression analysis

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