Do Archaea and bacteria co-infection have a role in the pathogenesis of chronic chagasic cardiopathy?

Abstract

Chronic cardiopathy (CC)

Infectious agents and inflammation in donated hearts and dilated cardiomyopathies related to cardiovascular diseases, Chagas' heart disease, primary and secondary dilated cardiomyopathies

“…In the same direction, detection of other agents such as bacteria in myocardial tissue and blood of chagasic patients with cardiomyopathy has already been reported [13,14]. The finding of co-infection in chagasic DCM may turn the understanding of Chagas' disease pathogenesis even more difficult, considering its multifactorial feature and not well understood interactive pathways [38].…”

“…Recently, the potential role of co-infections on pathogenesis of Chagas' heart disease has been debated [13,14]. Chagas' disease is a common and endemic cause of acquired inflammatory DCM especially in Latin America accepted as caused by the protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi [15,16], however, doubts also persist regarding pathogenesis of chagasic DCM.…”

I Diretriz Brasileira de Miocardites e Pericardites

“…Atualmente se tem valorizado a persistência do parasita como mecanismo desencadeador da miocardite chagásica crônica 138 . Entretanto, outros agentes podem influenciar a manifestação da miocardite crônica 139 . Na fase crônica da doença de Chagas, diante de um diagnóstico clínico altamente provável, apoiado em dados de epidemiologia compatíveis, reações sorológicas positivas, manifestações típicas de insuficiência cardíaca ou de outros comprometimentos do coração, em geral não se realiza biópsia endomiocárdica.…”

I Diretriz Latino-Americana para o Diagnóstico e Tratamento da Cardiopatia Chagásica

“…Local production of IL-7 and IL-15 can be associated with CD8+ cells 264 . T. cruzi coinfections, by such as archaea, have been recently suggested, and they have potential repercussion after transplantation, because of the immunosuppression induced 266 .…”