Do Alcohol Consequences Serve as Teachable Moments? A Test of Between- and Within-Person Reciprocal Effects From College Age to Adulthood

Waddell, Jack T.; Sternberg, Ariel; Grimm, Kevin J.; Chassin, Laurie

doi:10.15288/jsad.2021.82.647

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although both sensation seeking and conscientiousness differentiated trajectory classes, neuroticism did not. One interpretation of these findings may be that negative urgency, the facet of impulsivity most related to neuroticism and negative emotionality (e.g., Waddell et al, 2021c), is less predictive of co‐use behavior. Considering co‐use, both in this study and others (e.g., Linden‐Carmichael et al, 2019; Waddell et al, 2021a), is highly related to sensation seeking, one possibility is that co‐use is more tied to positive (rather than negative) reinforcement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maturing out of alcohol and cannabis co‐use: A test of patterns and personality predictors

Waddell

Jager

Chassin

2022

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Objective Reductions in substance involvement into adulthood are thought to represent a normative maturing out of substance use. However, patterns and predictors of maturing out of alcohol and cannabis co‐use remain largely unstudied. Therefore, the current study tested developmental trajectories of alcohol and cannabis use from late adolescence into adulthood and whether late adolescent personality traits predicted trajectory class membership. Methods Data come from a longitudinal study of family history of alcohol disorder (N = 458). Age bands were created to model trajectories of drinking quantity, negative alcohol consequences, and cannabis use frequency from late adolescence (age 18–22) to young adulthood (age 23–28) and adulthood (age 29–36). Participants reported on their sensation seeking, conscientiousness, and neuroticism during late adolescence and their typical drinking quantity, negative alcohol consequences, and cannabis use frequency at each age band. Results Three trajectory classes were derived from an initial Parallel Process Growth Mixture Model: (1) low‐risk maturing out of alcohol‐only use, (2) high‐risk maturing out of co‐use, and (3) high‐risk switchers who increased their cannabis use into adulthood. Late adolescent sensation seeking was associated with higher odds of being in both co‐use trajectories, whereas a lack of conscientiousness was associated with higher odds of being a co‐use switcher. Conclusions We identified heterogeneity in trajectories of co‐use, which suggests that a lack of maturing out of alcohol involvement may be accompanied by increased cannabis use. Moreover, late adolescent personality traits may predispose individuals toward riskier developmental trajectories of substance use into adulthood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maturing out of alcohol and cannabis co‐use: A test of patterns and personality predictors

Waddell

Jager

Chassin

2022

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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“…The acquired preparedness model (APM; Smith & Anderson, 2001) suggests that individuals high in impulsive personality traits differentially attend to rewarding drinking cues and experiences, fostering stronger positive alcohol expectancies (i.e., learned associations about how alcohol will affect mood and behavior) that then drive heavier drinking (e.g., Jones et al, 2001; Waddell, Sternberg, et al, 2021). In support, several studies find that impulsivity indirectly predicts alcohol use and/or negative alcohol consequences through positive expectancies (e.g., Anderson et al, 2003; Corbin et al, 2011; McCarthy et al, 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential effects of UPPS-P impulsivity on subjective alcohol response and craving: An experimental test of acquired preparedness.

Waddell¹,

Corbin²,

Leeman³

2023

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Recent studies have extended the acquired preparedness model to experimental data, finding that impulsivity predicts subjective alcohol response, a related yet distinct construct from expectancies. However, studies have not tested whether specific facets of impulsivity predict subjective response, or whether impulsivity indirectly predicts alcohol craving through subjective response. Young adults who reported past-month binge drinking (N = 448) participated in a placebo-controlled alcohol administration study. Mediation models tested whether UPPS-P impulsivity facets indirectly predicted alcohol craving through subjective response on the ascending and descending limbs of the blood alcohol content (BAC). High arousal positive (e.g., sociable), low arousal positive (e.g., relaxed), high arousal negative (e.g., rude), and low arousal negative (e.g., dizzy) subjective effects were measured across limbs. Moderation by beverage condition was not detected, so models were collapsed across beverage condition. Sensation seeking indirectly predicted craving through high arousal positive subjective response on both limbs, whereas positive and negative urgency directly predicted craving. When controlling for baseline subjective response and craving, effects of sensation seeking and negative urgency on subjective response and craving became nonsignificant. The effects of positive urgency on craving remained, and an effect of positive urgency on high arousal positive effects emerged on the ascending limb. Findings suggest that relations among impulsivity, subjective response, and craving are contingent upon the specific facet of impulsivity. Interventions targeting predrink cue exposure and/or positive emotionality may be most effective for sensation seekers, whereas targeting subjective response and/or expectancies may be most efficacious for individuals high in positive urgency. Public Health SignificanceImpulsive personality traits are thought to confer risk for acute negative alcohol outcomes, but no study to date has tested the indirect effects of UPPS-P impulsivity facets on craving through subjective response. The present study found that sensation seeking and negative urgency showed anticipatory effects on acute high arousal positive subjective response and craving, whereas positive urgency showed in the moment expectancy effects on high arousal positive subjective response and craving, particularly on the ascending limb. Findings suggest that targeting positive emotionality and/or cue exposure before drinking may be beneficial interventions for individuals high in sensation seeking, whereas targeting high arousal positive expectancies may be more beneficial for individuals high in positive urgency.

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“…The present study sought to develop and provide initial validation of test scores for a scale of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis expectancies during college age/young adulthood. This time period is associated with the highest rates of single and cosubstance use (e.g., Grant et al, 2017; McCabe et al, 2021) across the life span, and represents an important age at which expectancies predict developmental outcomes (e.g., Waddell, Sternberg, et al, 2021). Furthermore, the present study used the affective space model (Morean et al, 2012; Waddell, Corbin, Meier, et al, 2020) by combining items from the AEAS and AECS and testing their factor structure when asking about simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis.…”

Section: Outcome Expectancies and Substance Use Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children and adolescents typically have stronger negative expectancies, but expectancies become more positive with age and experience (Wiers et al, 1998). Positive alcohol expectancies consistently predict earlier initiation of drinking in adolescence (Bekman et al, 2011;Smit et al, 2018), heavier drinking across the life span (Colder et al, 1997;Cooper et al, 1995;Pabst et al, 2014;Waddell, Blake, & Chassin, 2021;Waddell, Sternberg, et al, 2021), and negative alcohol consequences/AUD symptoms (Brown et al, 1985;Corbin et al, 2015;Turrisi et al, 2000;Waddell, Sternberg, et al, 2021). In contrast, negative alcohol expectancies are inconsistently related to drinking, though they are typically related to more negative consequences (Engels et al, 2005;McMahon et al, 1994;Pabst et al, 2014).…”

Section: Outcome Expectancies and Substance Use Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

The anticipated effects of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use: Initial development and preliminary validation.

Waddell¹,

King²,

Okey³

et al. 2022

Psychological Assessment

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Social learning theories suggest that outcome expectancies are strong determinants of behavior, and studies find that alcohol and cannabis expectancies are associated with negative substance use outcomes. However, there are no measures to date that assess expectancies for simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use (SAM), often referred to as SAM, despite strong links with negative consequences and rising time trends. The present study sought to provide initial validation of test scores for the Anticipated Effects of Simultaneous Alcohol and Cannabis Use Scale (AE-SAM), using a sample of past month college student simultaneous users (N = 434). Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis conducted in random half samples suggested five expectancy factors, representing high arousal positive, high arousal negative (alcohol driven), high arousal negative (cannabis driven), low arousal positive, and low arousal negative expectancies. The factor structure was invariant across sex, race/ethnicity, and simultaneous use frequency, and demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity with other alcohol/cannabis expectancy measures. AE-SAM high arousal positive expectancies were associated with simultaneous use frequency and heavier drinking/cannabis use, AE-SAM high arousal negative (cannabis driven) expectancies were associated with less frequent simultaneous use and more negative alcohol consequences, and AE-SAM low arousal negative expectancies were associated with less cannabis use. Effects of AE-SAM high arousal positive and high arousal negative (cannabis driven) expectancies remained, above and beyond other expectancy measures, suggesting that AE-SAM expectancies provide additional information beyond single substance expectancies. The results demonstrate the feasibility and utility of assessing simultaneous use expectancies, and lay groundwork for future research on simultaneous use expectancies in relation to alcohol and cannabis couse outcomes. Public Significance StatementThe present study provided initial development and validation of test scores for a five-factor simultaneous alcohol and cannabis expectancies measure that spanned the full range of valence (positive vs. negative) by arousal (high arousal vs. low arousal) affective space. Simultaneous use expectancies were incrementally associated with use behavior and negative substance use outcomes and should be considered in ongoing prevention efforts related to alcohol, cannabis, and couse across the lifespan.

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Do Alcohol Consequences Serve as Teachable Moments? A Test of Between- and Within-Person Reciprocal Effects From College Age to Adulthood

Abstract: Initial development and validation of an affect-and valence-based expectancy measure. Psychological Assessment, 33(2), 180-194.

Cited by 18 publications

References 61 publications

Maturing out of alcohol and cannabis co‐use: A test of patterns and personality predictors

Maturing out of alcohol and cannabis co‐use: A test of patterns and personality predictors

Differential effects of UPPS-P impulsivity on subjective alcohol response and craving: An experimental test of acquired preparedness.

The anticipated effects of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use: Initial development and preliminary validation.

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