DNA Sequential Logic Gate Using Two-Ring DNA

Abstract

Sequential DNA detection is a fundamental issue for elucidating the interactive relationships among complex gene systems. Here, a sequential logic DNA gate was achieved by utilizing the two-ring DNA structure, with the ability to recognize "before" and "after" triggering sequences of DNA signals. By taking advantage of a "loop-open" mechanism, separations of two-ring DNAs were controlled. Three triggering pathways with different sequential DNA treatments were distinguished by comparing fluorescent outputs. Programmed nanoparticle arrangement guided by "interlocked" two-ring DNA was also constructed to demonstrate the achievement of designed nanostrucutres. Such sequential logic DNA operation may guide future molecular sensors to monitor more complex gene network in biological systems.

Growing prospects of DNA nanomaterials in novel biomedical applications

“…6C), and this recognizes two DNA signals with different triggering sequences via the "loop-open" mechanism. 137,138 With more sophisticated precision in their uses, DNA molecular logic gates can hold great potential for diagnosis and therapy at the molecular level. In comparison to conventional single input and output states (0 or 1), DNA-based molecular logic gates usually depend on the change in uorescent or colorimetric signals to realize multiple detections of small molecules or macromolecules in bioanalysis and biological diagnosis.…”

Topologically‐Interlocked Minicircles as Probes of DNA Topology and DNA‐Protein Interactions

“…Interlocked-DNAs, such as DNA catenanes, are of particular interest in constructing molecular switches, motors, [12] and logical devices. [13] Typical examples of the synthesized interlocked DNAs include the Borromean rings, [14] knots, [15] rotaxanes, [16] and catenanes. [17,18] These interlocked structures consisted of both single-(ss) [18] and double-stranded (ds) [16] DNA minicircles.…”

“…Synthetic molecules with interlocked units were achieved in macromolecular chemistry decades ago [10,11] and are the current topic of interest in structural DNA nanotechnology. Interlocked‐DNAs, such as DNA catenanes, are of particular interest in constructing molecular switches, motors, [12] and logical devices [13] . Typical examples of the synthesized interlocked DNAs include the Borromean rings, [14] knots, [15] rotaxanes, [16] and catenanes [17,18] .…”

Constructing Controllable Logic Circuits Based on DNAzyme Activity

“…Interestingly, DNA strand displacement can be used as a regulator of DNAzyme structure to develop complex molecular logic circuits. Due to the high specific recognition of DNAzyme, it has outstanding applications in the construction of the molecular logic gate [40,41,42,43], half-adder, half-subtractor, multiplexer [44,45,46,47], molecular automaton [48], and cascade circuit [49,50,51]. This method of DNAzyme involvement in construction can regulate DNA structure through specific sequence allostericity without constructing multiple strand interactions to modulate the DNA sequence.…”