DNA repair enzymes in sunscreens and their impact on photoageing—A systematic review

Luze, Hanna; Nischwitz, Sebastian P.; Zalaudek, Iris; Müllegger, Robert R.; Kamolz, Lars Peter

doi:10.1111/phpp.12597

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…If these lesions are not removed in a timely manner, this can lead to cell death and the occurrence of inflammatory processes at the tissue level. In some cases, errors in the repair process can lead to the appearance and accumulation of mutations (see Section 3 ), which can subsequently cause various diseases and skin cancer [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Dna Damage By Uv Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in high doses, UVA radiation can lead to the suppression of the immune system and the formation of ROS through photosensitization reactions [ 9 , 14 , 18 , 21 ]. ROS cause oxidative stress and photoaging, and this can also lead to skin cancer [ 20 ]. DNA can be damaged by ROS to form 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) ( Figure 2 ), which, such as CPD, interferes with normal cell functioning [ 9 , 14 , 18 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Dna Damage By Uv Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ROS cause oxidative stress and photoaging, and this can also lead to skin cancer [ 20 ]. DNA can be damaged by ROS to form 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) ( Figure 2 ), which, such as CPD, interferes with normal cell functioning [ 9 , 14 , 18 , 20 , 21 ]. ROS activate the expression of matrix metalloproteinases, which cause degradation of collagen fibers, leading to the appearance of wrinkles and skin aging [ 7 , 20 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Dna Damage By Uv Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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UV Radiation in DNA Damage and Repair Involving DNA-Photolyases and Cryptochromes

et al. 2021

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Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation on human skin can lead to mutations in DNA, photoaging, suppression of the immune system, and other damage up to skin cancer (melanoma, basal cell, and squamous cell carcinoma). We reviewed the state of knowledge of the damaging action of UVB and UVA on DNA, and also the mechanisms of DNA repair with the participation of the DNA-photolyase enzyme or of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) system. In the course of evolution, most mammals lost the possibility of DNA photoreparation due to the disappearance of DNA photolyase genes, but they retained closely related cryptochromes that regulate the transcription of the NER system enzymes. We analyze the published relationships between DNA photolyases/cryptochromes and carcinogenesis, as well as their possible role in the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by UV radiation.

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Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Dna Damage By Uv Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Dna Damage By Uv Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Dna Damage By Uv Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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UV Radiation in DNA Damage and Repair Involving DNA-Photolyases and Cryptochromes

et al. 2021

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“…Given that the circadian clock regulates the expression of the NER gene XPA, it may be possible to manipulate the clock machinery in human skin pharmacologically to increase XPA expression transiently during maximum sun exposure to limit erythema and mutagenesis. There has long been interest in incorporating DNA repair enzymes into topical sunscreens to prevent skin cancers [ 125 , 126 ]; consequently, small-molecule circadian clock modulators potentially offer a new way to increase DNA repair efficiency by promoting the expression of XPA and other DNA damage response genes.…”

Section: The Circadian Clock and Disease Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the Circadian Clock on Skin Physiology and Cancer Development

Lubov

Cvammen

Kemp

2021

IJMS

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Skin cancers are growing in incidence worldwide and are primarily caused by exposures to ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths of sunlight. UV radiation induces the formation of photoproducts and other lesions in DNA that if not removed by DNA repair may lead to mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Though the factors that cause skin carcinogenesis are reasonably well understood, studies over the past 10–15 years have linked the timing of UV exposure to DNA repair and skin carcinogenesis and implicate a role for the body’s circadian clock in UV response and disease risk. Here we review what is known about the skin circadian clock, how it affects various aspects of skin physiology, and the factors that affect circadian rhythms in the skin. Furthermore, the molecular understanding of the circadian clock has led to the development of small molecules that target clock proteins; thus, we discuss the potential use of such compounds for manipulating circadian clock-controlled processes in the skin to modulate responses to UV radiation and mitigate cancer risk.

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“…5,6 Mekanisme Photodamage di Kulit Untuk memahami pencegahan kerusakan kulit akibat pajanan sinar ultraviolet (UV), perlu diketahui mekanisme yang mendasarinya. 8 Radiasi sinar ultraviolet terdiri atas tiga tipe yaitu:…”

Section: Penuaan Ekstrinsikunclassified

Mekanisme Penuaan Kulit sebagai Dasar Pencegahan dan Pengobatan Kulit Menua

Yusharyahya¹

2021

ejki

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Seiring dengan meningkatnya populasi geriatri di Indonesia, masalah penuaan kulit juga turut meningkat. Pada populasi tersebut terjadi berbagai perubahan kulit sehingga kelainan yang ditimbulkan juga berbeda. Stres oksidatif merupakan mekanisme yang diduga kuat sebagai penyebab utama penuaan kulit. Penuaan kulit merupakan proses kompleks yang melibatkan faktor intrinsik dan ekstrinsik. Faktor intrinsik yang berperan adalah genetik, metabolisme sel, dan perubahan hormonal. Selain itu, terdapat faktor ekstrinsik seperti radiasi ultraviolet, inframerah, dan karsinogen lingkungan yang turut berperan pada penuaan kulit. Kedua faktor tersebut menyebabkan perubahan di seluruh lapisan kulit. Untuk mengatasi penuaan kulit, kini telah tersedia berbagai modalitas terapi, namun untuk menentukan terapi yang paling sesuai perlu diketahui fisiologi kulit menua, mekanisme penuaan kulit, dan manifestasi kelainan klinis kulit menua. Secara fisiologi terjadi perubahan permeabilitas, biokimia, vaskularisasi, termoregulasi, respons terhadap iritan, respons imunitas, kapasitas regenerasi, respons terhadap cedera, persepsi neurosensori dan pada tingkat genom. Jumlah sel epidermal dan laju pergantian epidermal menurun sedangkan di adneksa terjadi penurunan jumlah kelenjar sebasea yang mengakibatkan kulit kering dan mudah pecah. Penurunan jumlah melanosit menyebabkan warna rambut menjadi abu-abu keputihan dan muncul pigmentasi atipik di kulit. Folikel rambut kurang aktif sehingga meningkatkan kerontokan dan kebotakan. Di lapisan basal ukuran sel berkurang dan rerata ukuran sel bertambah. Sel keratinosit menjadi lebih pendek dan besar di kulit yang menua. Kata kunci: geriatri, mekanisme penuaan kulit, patofisiologi. Skin Aging Mechanism as A Basic Prevention and Treatment of Skin Aging Abstract Growing geriatric population generates a rise of aging issues. Process of aging develops multiple skin changes that further emerge other related skin problems. Oxidative stress is believed playing vital role related to aging. The aging process in the skin is complex and influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors can be in the form of genetics, cell metabolism, and hormonal changes. Meanwhile, for extrinsic factors, such as exposure to ultraviolet, infrared, and carcinogenic agent also have crucial part in aging process. These factors contribute to all layers of the skin. Nowadays, many treatment modalities available to reverse skin aging, however, better understanding on skin aging mechanism, the pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of aging skin is important to choose the appropriate treatment for patients. In aging, there are physiological changes in permeability, biochemical structures, vascularisation, thermoregulation, irritative response, immunity response, regenerative capability, inflammatory response, neurosensory perception and in genom level. The number of epidermal cells and epidermal overturn rate decline while there is also reduction of sebaseous glands at adnexa which both are accounted for skin xerosis. Decreasing melanocytes can caused gray hair and atypical pigmentation. Hair follicles also show less activity resulting in hair loss. Basal layer cells are downsizing and rise of average cells size are occured. Keratinocyte becomes shorter and bigger in aging skin. Keywords: geriatric, mechanism, skin aging, pathophysiology.

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DNA repair enzymes in sunscreens and their impact on photoageing—A systematic review

Cited by 20 publications

References 56 publications

UV Radiation in DNA Damage and Repair Involving DNA-Photolyases and Cryptochromes

UV Radiation in DNA Damage and Repair Involving DNA-Photolyases and Cryptochromes

The Impact of the Circadian Clock on Skin Physiology and Cancer Development

Mekanisme Penuaan Kulit sebagai Dasar Pencegahan dan Pengobatan Kulit Menua

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