DNA protection, antioxidant, antibacterial and enzyme inhibition activities of heartwood and sapwood extracts from juniper and olive woods

Abstract

In this study, DNA protective, antioxidant, antibacterial and enzyme inhibiting properties of methanol extracts obtained from juniper and olive heartwood and sapwood were determined. These extracts were tested by five antioxidant methods (DPPH scavenging, FRAP, CUPRAC, metal chelating and phosphomolybdenum). Generally, heartwood extracts of both species are more efficient for DPPH radical scavenging activity, cupric ion reducing activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power and metal chelating activity than sapwood extracts. When compared to heartwood extracts, sapwood extracts have larger inhibition zone in disk diffusion test. In addition, all extracts showed high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. DNA protection of both extracts had a capacity to inhibit the DNA damage arisen from Fenton's reagent. The highest DNA protective activity was observed in juniper sapwood extract with 84%. Furthermore, other extracts also indicated more than 60% of DNA protective activity. Olive wood extracts displayed the strongest enzyme inhibition activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Although juniper heartwood extracts showed highest anti-amylase, anti-glucosidase and anti-tyrosinase effects, they had no ability for inhibition BChE.The methanol extracts of olive samples demonstrated the most antioxidant activity (DPPH, CUPRAC and FRAP). In addition, juniper samples showed the highest anti-amylase, anti-tyrosinase, metal chelating and DNA protective activity. According to these results, the extracts of juniper and olive wood can be considered as a source of natural bio active agents for dietary, pharmacological and medicinal applications. This research will also serve as a base for future studies about biological activities of wood extracts.

Olive Trees By-Products as Sources of Bioactive and Other Industrially Useful Compounds: A Systematic Review

“…The potential antioxidant activity of a compound is also indicated by its reducing power so that the transformation of Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ , with ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) test, and Cu 2+ to Cu + , with cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) test, in the presence of wood extract was investigated. It was seen that the wood extract exercised an intense reducing activity on either CUPRAC or FRAP [ 30 ], and this is in agreement with the results obtained when O. europaea pruning extracts were tested [ 43 ]. Tree pruning biomass (OTP) is a by-product generated by olive oil production, which is composed of thin branches (50% by weight), leaves (25% by weight), and wood or thick branches (25% by weight) [ 56 ].…”

“…When the wood samples are extracted using methanol in Soxhlet apparatus, besides hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and oleuropein, vanillin, protocatechic acid, p -coumaric acid, and benzoic acid were also identified [ 29 , 30 ].…”

“…However, olive sapwood extract has demonstrated a high effect on Listeria monocytogenes with an inhibition zone of 26, 25, and 16 mm using 1.6, 1, and 0.6 mg of the extract, respectively. Furthermore, either heartwood or sapwood extracts have demonstrated anti-fungal activities against Candida albicans using 1.6 mg of the extract [ 30 ]. This anti-fungal activity was even demonstrated for the same extracts on Pleurotusostreatus fungi whose growth was inhibited by approximately 80% [ 29 ].…”

“…These anti-fungal and anti-viral properties can be related to several phenolic compounds found in the wood extract, including hydroxityrosol, oleuropein, tyrosol, protocatechuic acid, vanillin, p -cumaric acid, and benzoic acid. In fact, many studies have demonstrated their anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities [ 30 ].…”

A Multidirectional Perspective for Novel Functional Products: In vitro Pharmacological Activities and In silico Studies on Ononis natrix subsp. hispanica

“…The DNA mixtures were run on 0.8% agarose gel and then visualized under ultraviolet light cabin. Biological replication of test was carried out at three times and band density was determined by the gel image analysis software (Quantum, Vision-Capt., Vilber Lourmat SAS, France) (Ozkan et al, 2015 ).…”