DNA Methylation Changes Induced by a High-Fat Diet and Fish Oil Supplementation in the Skeletal Muscle of Mice

Key pointsr Fish oil (FO), rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, has beneficial effects on changes induced by obesity and partially prevents associated comorbidities. Abstract In the present study, we investigated the effect of fish oil (FO) on metabolism and adipokine production by adipocytes from S.C. (inguinal; ING) and visceral (retroperitoneal; RP) white adipose depots in high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese mice. Mice were divided into CO (control diet), CO+FO, HF and HF+FO groups. The HF group presented higher body weight, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, higher plasma total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and greater weights of ING and RP adipose depots accompanied by hypertrophy of the adipocytes. FO exerted anti-obesogenic effects associated with beneficial effects on dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance in mice fed a HF diet (HF+FO group). HF raised RP adipocyte lipolysis and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced de novo synthesis of fatty acids, whereas, in ING adipocytes, it decreased glucose uptake and adiponectin secretion but did not change lipolysis. Therefore, the adipose depots play different roles in HF diet-induced insulin resistance according to their location in the body. Concerning cytokine secretion, adipocytes per se in addition to white adopise tissue infiltrated leukocytes have to be considered in the aetiology of the comorbidities associated with obesity. Evidence is presented showing that previous and concomitant administration of FO can prevent changes in metabolism and the secretion of hormones and cytokines in ING and RP adipocytes induced by HF.

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“…; Amaral et al . ). Considering the body surface area for extrapolating the dose used in the present study to humans (Reagan‐Shaw et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Amaral et al . ). Therefore, the dosage used in the present study may be equivalent to human studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fish oil prevents changes induced by a high‐fat diet on metabolism and adipokine secretion in mice subcutaneous and visceral adipocytes

Sá

Crisma

Cruz

et al. 2016

The Journal of Physiology

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“…The CO and HF groups received water by gavage at the same volume (~50 µl, according to the BW). The FO dosage was chosen based on previous studies from our group (Amaral et al, 2015;Reagan-Shaw, Nihal, & Ahmad, 2008;de Sá et al, 2016).…”

Section: Animals and Fish Oil Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish oil reverses metabolic syndrome, adipocyte dysfunction, and altered adipokines secretion triggered by high‐fat diet‐induced obesity

et al. 2020

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The effect of fish oil (FO) treatment on high‐fat (HF) diet‐induced obesity and metabolic syndrome was addressed by analyzing dysfunctions in cells of different adipose depots. For this purpose, mice were initially induced to obesity for 8 weeks following a treatment with FO containing high concentration of EPA compared to DHA (5:1), for additional 8 weeks (by gavage, 3 times per week). Despite the higher fat intake, the HF group showed lower food intake but higher body weight, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, significant dyslipidemia and increased liver, subcutaneous (inguinal‐ING) and visceral (retroperitoneal‐RP) adipose depots mass, accompanied by adipocyte hypertrophy and decreased cellularity in both adipose tissue depots. FO treatment reversed all these effects, as well as it improved the metabolic activities of isolated adipocytes, such as glucose uptake and lipolysis in both depots, and de novo synthesis of fatty acids in ING adipocytes. HF diet also significantly increased both the pro and anti‐inflammatory cytokines expression by adipocytes, while HF + FO did not differ from control group. Collectively, these data show that the concomitant administration of FO with the HF diet is able to revert metabolic changes triggered by the diet‐induced obesity, as well as to promote beneficial alterations in adipose cell activities. The main mechanism underlying all systemic effects involves direct and differential effects on ING and RP adipocytes.

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“…Several studies have shown that fish oil modulates the DNA methylation status of gene promoters. For example, in a high-fat-diet study of mice, fish oil supplementation abolished the decrease in Pparg2 promoter methylation in skeletal muscle, thereby suppressing the increase in Pparg2 expression (5). Another study has shown that EPA can decrease methylation at the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein promoter for C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ to increase their expression in U937 leukemia cells (23).…”

Section: N-3 Pufa Dna Methylation and Histone Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient-Gene Interaction in Colon Cancer, from the Membrane to Cellular Physiology

et al. 2016

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The International Agency for Research on Cancer recently released an assessment classifying red and processed meat as “carcinogenic to humans” on the basis of the positive association between increased consumption and risk for colorectal cancer. Diet, however, can also decrease the risk for colorectal cancer and be used as a chemopreventive strategy. Bioactive dietary molecules, such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, curcumin, and fermentable fiber, have been proposed to exert chemoprotective effects, and their molecular mechanisms have been the focus of research in the dietary/chemoprevention field. Using these bioactives as examples, this review surveys the proposed mechanisms by which they exert their effects, from the nucleus to the cellular membrane. In addition, we discuss emerging technologies involving the culturing of colonic organoids to study the physiological effects of dietary bioactives. Finally, we address future challenges to the field regarding the identification of additional molecular mechanisms and other bioactive dietary molecules that can be utilized in our fight to reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer.

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DNA Methylation Changes Induced by a High-Fat Diet and Fish Oil Supplementation in the Skeletal Muscle of Mice

Cited by 22 publications

References 54 publications

Fish oil prevents changes induced by a high‐fat diet on metabolism and adipokine secretion in mice subcutaneous and visceral adipocytes

Fish oil prevents changes induced by a high‐fat diet on metabolism and adipokine secretion in mice subcutaneous and visceral adipocytes

Fish oil reverses metabolic syndrome, adipocyte dysfunction, and altered adipokines secretion triggered by high‐fat diet‐induced obesity

Nutrient-Gene Interaction in Colon Cancer, from the Membrane to Cellular Physiology

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