DNA integrity of human leukocytes after magnetic resonance imaging

Szerencsi, Ágnes; Kubinyi, Györgyi; Váliczkó, Éva; Juhász, Péter; Rudas, Gábor; Mester, Á.; Jánossy, Gábor; Bakos, J. S.; Thuróczy, György

doi:10.3109/09553002.2013.804962

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…While Szerencsi et al 21 showed no increase in the yield of micronuclei (MN) following in vitro exposure of human lymphocytes, a significant enhancement of both MN and CA (using Giemsa staining) was reported by Lee et al 19 for in vitro exposure times of 45 min and greater, with the observed level increasing with duration of exposure. The most frequent types of aberrations observed were chromatid breaks, with both exchange-type and deletion-type CA being observed for the longest exposure time (89 min).…”

Section: Does Mri Exposure Lead To Dna Damage?mentioning

confidence: 92%

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Comments on potential health effects of MRI-induced DNA lesions: quality is more important to consider than quantity

Hill

O’Neill

McKenna

2016

Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly being used in cardiology to detect heart disease and guide therapy. It is mooted to be a safer alternative to imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) or coronary angiographic imaging. However, there has recently been an increased interest in the potential long-term health risks of MRI, especially in the light of the controversy resulting from a small number of research studies reporting an increase in DNA damage following exposure, with calls to limit its use and avoid unnecessary examination, according to the precautionary principle. Overall the published data are somewhat limited and inconsistent; the ability of MRI to produce DNA lesions has yet to be robustly demonstrated and future experiments should be carefully designed to optimize sensitivity and benchmarked to validate and assess reproducibility. The majority of the current studies have focussed on the initial induction of DNA damage, and this has led to comparisons between the reported induction of γH2AX and implied double-strand break (DSB) yields produced following MRI with induction by imaging techniques using ionizing radiation. However, γH2AX is not only a marker of classical double-ended DSB, but also a marker of stalled replication forks and in certain circumstances stalled DNA transcription. Additionally, ionizing radiation is efficient at producing complex DNA damage, unique to ionizing radiation, with an associated reduction in repairability. Even if the fields associated with MRI are capable of producing DNA damage, the lesions produced will in general be simple, similar to those produced by endogenous processes. It is therefore inappropriate to try and infer cancer risk by simply comparing the yields of γH2AX foci or DNA lesions potentially produced by MRI to those produced by a given exposure of ionizing radiation, which will generally be more biologically effective and have a greater probability of leading to long-term health effects. As a result, it is important to concentrate on more relevant downstream end points (e.g. chromosome aberration production), along with potential mechanisms by which MRI may lead to DNA lesions. This could potentially involve a perturbation in homeostasis of oxidative stress, modifying the background rate of endogenous DNA damage induction. In summary, what the field needs at the moment is more research and less fear mongering.

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Section: Does Mri Exposure Lead To Dna Damage?mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The study of Szerencsi et al 21 showed no enhancement immediately following in vitro exposure of human leukocytes. In contrast, statistically significant enhancements were observed by Lee et al 19 following in vitro exposure times of 45 min or greater, with the observed level increasing with duration of exposure.…”

Section: Does Mri Exposure Lead To Dna Damage?mentioning

confidence: 93%

Comments on potential health effects of MRI-induced DNA lesions: quality is more important to consider than quantity

Hill

O’Neill

McKenna

2016

Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging

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“…In the other studies, various combinations of clinical MRI sequences were used. In some cases, the sequences were only mentioned by name [Simi et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2011;Szerencsi et al, 2013;Critchley et al, 2018], and in other cases, they were described with more details about the specific settings used [Schwenzer et al, 2007a,b;Reddig et al, 2015;Fatahi et al, 2016;Friebe et al, 2018].…”

Section: In Vitro Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thanks to the clear description of their approach, this exposure condition is reproducible. Four studies gave no specifics about the gradient fields involved [Simi et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2011;Szerencsi et al, 2013;Critchley et al, 2018], making the exposure conditions impossible to replicate. The remaining four studies [Schwenzer et al, 2007a,b;Reddig et al, 2015;Fatahi et al, 2016;Friebe et al, 2018] provided peak gradient field strengths and peak slew rates, which could be useful information together with the exact position of the sample.…”

Section: In Vitro Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maximum gradient field levels are only reached towards the edges of the scanner bore, far from the isocenter. Several of the studies provided the SAR value estimated by the scanner as a measure of the RF exposure [Schwenzer et al, 2007a,b;Lee et al, 2011;Szerencsi et al, 2013;Reddig et al, 2015;Fatahi et al, 2016;Friebe et al, 2018], but only one [Schwenzer et al, 2007a] used the volume of the scanned sample for the SAR estimate. Three of the studies [Reddig et al, 2015;Fatahi et al, 2016;Friebe et al, 2018] described the RF field as being close to the maximum permissible level, based on the average weight of a human head.…”

Section: In Vitro Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Valid Exposure Protocols Needed in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Genotoxic Research

Wilén

Olsrud

Frankel

et al. 2020

Bioelectromagnetics

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Several in vitro and in vivo studies have investigated if a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination can cause DNA damage in human blood cells. However, the electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure that the cells received in the MR scanner was not sufficiently described. The first studies looking into this could be regarded as hypothesis‐generating studies. However, for further exploration into the role of MRI exposure on DNA integrity, the exposure itself cannot be ignored. The lack of sufficient method descriptions makes the early experiments difficult, if not impossible, to repeat. The golden rule in all experimental work is that a study should be repeatable by someone with the right knowledge and equipment, and this is simply not the case with many of the recent studies on MRI and genotoxicity. Here we discuss what is lacking in previous studies, and how we think the next generation of in vitro and in vivo studies on MRI and genotoxicity should be performed. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society.

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Measurements of the ripple effect and geometric distribution of switched gradient fields inside a magnetic resonance scanner

Sundström

Mild

Wilén

2014

Bioelectromagnetics

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Knowledge of patient exposure during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures is limited, and the need for such knowledge has been demonstrated in recent in vitro and in vivo studies of the genotoxic effects of MRI. This study focuses on the dB/dt of the switched gradient field (SGF) and its geometric distribution. These values were characterized by measuring the peak dB/dt generated by a programmed gradient current of alternating triangles inside a 1.5T MR scanner. The maximum dB/dt exposure to the gradient field was 6-14 T/s, and this occurred at the edges of the field of view (FOV) 20-25 cm from the isocenter in the longitudinal direction. The dB/dt exposure dropped off to roughly half the maximum (3-7 T/s) at the edge of the bore. It was found that the dB/dt of the SGF was distorted by a 200 kHz ripple arising from the amplifier. The ripple is small in terms of B-field, but the high frequency content contributes to a peak dB/dt up to 18 times larger than that predicted by the slew rate (4 T/s m) and the distance from the isocenter. Measurements on a 3 T MRI scanner, however, revealed a much smaller filtered ripple of 100 kHz in dB/dt. These findings suggest that the gradient current to each coil together with information on the geometrical distribution of the gradient field and ripple effects could be used to assess the SGF exposure within an MRI bore.

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DNA integrity of human leukocytes after magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract: The results of the Comet assay and the micronucleus test indicate that the applied exposure of MRI does not appear to produce breaks in the DNA and has no significant effect on DNA integrity.

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Comments on potential health effects of MRI-induced DNA lesions: quality is more important to consider than quantity

Comments on potential health effects of MRI-induced DNA lesions: quality is more important to consider than quantity

Valid Exposure Protocols Needed in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Genotoxic Research

Measurements of the ripple effect and geometric distribution of switched gradient fields inside a magnetic resonance scanner

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