Indian communities] owe no allegiance to the States, and receive from them no protection. Because of the local illfeeling, the people of the States where they are found are often their deadliest enemies.-Justice Miller, United States v. Kagama 1 At the same time, because their means of subsistence had fallen prey to westward expansion, reservation Indians were almost entirely dependent upon the federal government for food, clothing, and protection, and were often 'dead[ly] enemies' of the States.-John G. Roberts et al., Brief for Petitioner, Alaska v. Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government 2 I.