The sound of words has been shown to relate to the meaning that the words denote, an effect that extends beyond morphological properties of the word. Studies of these sound-symbolic relations have described this iconicity in terms of individual phonemes, or alternatively due to acoustic properties (expressed in phonological features) relating to meaning. In this study, we investigated whether individual phonemes or phoneme features best accounted for iconicity effects. We tested 92 participants’ judgements about the appropriateness of 320 nonwords presented in written form, relating to 8 different semantic attributes. For all 8 attributes, individual phonemes fitted participants’ responses better than general phoneme features. These results challenge claims that sound-symbolic effects for visually presented words can access broad, cross-modal associations between sound and meaning, instead the results indicate the operation of individual phoneme to meaning relations. Whether similar effects are found for nonwords presented auditorially remains an open question.
Ground and air testing ofmobile FALCON free-space optical (FSO) communications terminals was performed in New Mexico by lIT Corporation, JHUIAPL and AFRL. The testing verified the operation of the terminals pointing, acquisition, tracking and data transmission for ground to ground link distances up to 36 km and air to air and air to ground link distances up to 65 km. The FALCON terminals have a nominal 2.5 gbps bidirectional data link. Packet goodput was generally 90% or better for the tests. Data will be presented on the pointing and acquisition sequence, tracking performance, received power and packet throughput. In addition, analysis of the atmospheric conditions and a comparison of actual performance to expected performance will be presented
Chi-miigwetch to Rose Villazor for the invitation to present this article at the Southern Methodist University Colloquium on Law and Citizenship and to Ed Countryman for serving as a commentator on this article. Miigwetch also to Phil Frickey, Curtis Berkey, and Scott Williams for allowing me to workshop this article before their Advanced Federal Indian Law Seminar and to Alex Skibine, Addie Rolnick, and other commentators at the 2010 Law & Society meeting. And thanks, as always, to Wenona Singel.
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