DNA damage repair: historical perspectives, mechanistic pathways and clinical translation for targeted cancer therapy

Huang, Ruixue; Zhou, Ping‐Kun

doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00648-7

Cited by 276 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 587 publications

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“…Moreover, APE1 seems to have a dual role depending on its cellular localization where it carries out DNA repair in the nucleus, while in the cytoplasm its primary role is assumed to be the regulation of mitochondrial DNA repair, possibly together with the regulation of various transcription factors. In LC cells, APE1 is often overexpressed, especially in CIS-resistant cancers [166,167].…”

Section: Enhancing Dna Repairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomedicine Strategies for Management of Drug Resistance in Lung Cancer

Haider¹,

Sherbeny²,

Pittalà³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Lung cancer (LC) is one of the leading causes of cancer occurrence and mortality worldwide. Treatment of patients with advanced and metastatic LC presents a significant challenge as malignant cells use different mechanisms to resist chemotherapy. Drug resistance (DR) is a complex process that occurs due to a variety of genetic and acquired factors. Identifying the mechanisms underlying DR in LC patients and possible therapeutic alternatives for more efficient therapy is a central goal of LC research. Advances in nanotechnology resulted in the development of targeted and multifunctional nanoscale drug constructs. The possible modulation of the components of nanomedicine, their surface functionalization, and encapsulation of various active therapeutics provide promising tools to bypass crucial biological barriers. These attributes enhance the delivery of multiple therapeutic agents directly to the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in reversal of LC resistance to anticancer treatment. This review provides a broad framework for understanding the different molecular mechanisms of DR in lung cancer; presents novel nanomedicine therapeutics aimed to improve the efficacy of treatment of various forms of resistant LC; outlines current challenges in using nanotechnology for reversing DR; and discusses the future directions for clinical application of nanomedicine in management of LC resistance.

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Section: Enhancing Dna Repairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomedicine Strategies for Management of Drug Resistance in Lung Cancer

Haider¹,

Sherbeny²,

Pittalà³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…And further recruit STING to achieve activation of nuclear factor NF-κB. Activated NF-κB has been shown to play an important role in tumor progression and clearance of tumors by the immune system ( 41 , 84 ). Wang L et al.…”

Section: Targeted Dna Damage Repair To Explore Immunotherapy Biomarkermentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Damage Repair in Brain Tumor Immunotherapy

Zhao

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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With the gradual understanding of tumor development, many tumor therapies have been invented and applied in clinical work, and immunotherapy has been widely concerned as an emerging hot topic in the last decade. It is worth noting that immunotherapy is nowadays applied under too harsh conditions, and many tumors are defined as “cold tumors” that are not sensitive to immunotherapy, and brain tumors are typical of them. However, there is much evidence that suggests a link between DNA damage repair mechanisms and immunotherapy. This may be a breakthrough for the application of immunotherapy in brain tumors. Therefore, in this review, first, we will describe the common pathways of DNA damage repair. Second, we will focus on immunotherapy and analyze the mechanisms of DNA damage repair involved in the immune process. Third, we will review biomarkers that have been or may be used to evaluate immunotherapy for brain tumors, such as TAMs, RPA, and other molecules that may provide a precursor assessment for the rational implementation of immunotherapy for brain tumors. Finally, we will discuss the rational combination of immunotherapy with other therapeutic approaches that have an impact on the DNA damage repair process in order to open new pathways for the application of immunotherapy in brain tumors, to maximize the effect of immunotherapy on DNA damage repair mechanisms, and to provide ideas and guidance for immunotherapy in brain tumors.

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“…Cells have many different mechanisms for repairing each type of DNA damage that occurs spontaneously and is caused by exogenous factors [ 6 , 34 ]. The main mechanisms of DNA repair include: direct repair, when the enzyme restores the original structure without removing damaged nucleotides; excision repair, through the removal of damaged sites, followed by the synthesis of new nucleotides: base excision repair (BER) and nucleotide excision repair (NER); repair of unpaired bases (mismatch repair); repair of single-strand and double-strand breaks [ 6 , 34 ]. To remove photodamage, both direct repair with the participation of the DNA photolyase [ 4 , 35 , 36 ] and NER for CPD and (6-4)PP or BER for 8-OHdG [ 4 , 20 , 37 ] are used ( Figure 3 ).…”

Section: Dna Repair Systems Involved In the Photodamage Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding the function of repair systems is important not only because of possible disruptions in their work that lead to the occurrence of oncological diseases but also because of possible mechanisms and places of application in the treatment of these diseases. Many cancer treatment strategies are aimed to destroy the DNA of tumor cells, and in this case, the repair systems existing in these cells will reduce the effectiveness of such treatment [ 6 ]. At the same time, during chemotherapy and radiotherapy, not only diseased cells are often affected, but also healthy ones.…”

Section: Dna Repair Systems Involved In the Photodamage Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A necessary condition for the occurrence and development of the process of carcinogenesis is DNA mutations. DNA mutations can occur due to mutagenic environmental factors (in particular, UV) when the effective repair does not function [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. A person is exposed to intense UV light both in connection with professional activities that require a long stay out of doors and as a result of following fashion trends, sunbathing on the beach, or using special lamps in tanning salons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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UV Radiation in DNA Damage and Repair Involving DNA-Photolyases and Cryptochromes

et al. 2021

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Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation on human skin can lead to mutations in DNA, photoaging, suppression of the immune system, and other damage up to skin cancer (melanoma, basal cell, and squamous cell carcinoma). We reviewed the state of knowledge of the damaging action of UVB and UVA on DNA, and also the mechanisms of DNA repair with the participation of the DNA-photolyase enzyme or of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) system. In the course of evolution, most mammals lost the possibility of DNA photoreparation due to the disappearance of DNA photolyase genes, but they retained closely related cryptochromes that regulate the transcription of the NER system enzymes. We analyze the published relationships between DNA photolyases/cryptochromes and carcinogenesis, as well as their possible role in the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by UV radiation.

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DNA damage repair: historical perspectives, mechanistic pathways and clinical translation for targeted cancer therapy

Cited by 276 publications

References 587 publications

Nanomedicine Strategies for Management of Drug Resistance in Lung Cancer

Nanomedicine Strategies for Management of Drug Resistance in Lung Cancer

DNA Damage Repair in Brain Tumor Immunotherapy

UV Radiation in DNA Damage and Repair Involving DNA-Photolyases and Cryptochromes

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