DNA as a flame retardant additive for low-density polyethylene

Isarov, Sergey A.; Lee, Parker W.; Towslee, Jenna Harris; Hoffman, Kathleen M.; Davis, Rick D.; Maia, João M.; Pokorski, Jonathan K.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2016.05.060

Cited by 48 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(40 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In detail, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a “all‐in‐one” intumescent flame retardant in which the monomeric unit is a nucleotide having three characteristic components: organic nitrogenous bases (adenine (‐A‐), guanine (‐G‐), cytosine (‐C‐) and thymine (‐T‐)), a pentose unit (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group . DNA had good flame retardant effect when used alone in LDPE …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Poly (diallyldimethylammonium) and polyphosphate polyelectrolyte complexes as an all‐in‐one flame retardant for polypropylene

Zhang

Hao

2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) deionized chloride ions and ammonium ions by ionizing in aqueous solution respectively, then combined to form poly (diallyldimethylammonium) and polyphosphate (PAPP) polyelectrolyte complexes as an all-in-one flame retardant for polypropylene and its composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. One flame retardant system composed of PAPP and PP, the other flame retardant system composed of PAPP, Polyamide-6 (PA6) and PP were tested by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, cone calorimeter tests and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and compared with pure PP. The results showed that the LOI value of PP/PAPP composite can reach 27.5%, and UL-94 V-2 rating can be reached at 25 wt% PAPP loading. Meanwhile the cone calorimetry results displayed that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) were reduced up to 69.3% and 22.5%, respectively, compared with those of pure PP. After adding 5 wt% PA6, the carbon source missing due to the early PAPP decomposition can be made up, and PHRR and THR can be further reduced slightly. The flame retardant mechanism of PAPP was studied by FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Six-membered ring of C─N containing conjugate double bonds, cross-linked phosphate structure formed stable, intumescent, compact char layer which greatly improved the flame retardancy of PP.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Poly (diallyldimethylammonium) and polyphosphate polyelectrolyte complexes as an all‐in‐one flame retardant for polypropylene

Zhang

Hao

2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…0.60–0.65 g·cm −3 ), which improves the flame retardant efficiency of composites by forming stronger intumescent char layers in the condensed phase [11,12,13,14,15]. On the other side, Glass Bubble (GB) is a cheap, easy-processing filler with even lower density (≤0.60 g·cm −3 ), which has been used in the production of low-density polyethylene foams [16,17,18]. To our knowledge, the influence of GB toward the flame retardancy and mechanical performances of PP has not been investigated yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Retardant Polypropylene Composites with Low Densities

Pérez

Nie

et al. 2019

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polypropylene (PP) is currently widely used in areas requiring lightweight materials because of its low density. Due to the intrinsic flammability, the application of PP is restricted in many conditions. Aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) is reported as a practical flame retardant for PP, but the addition of ATH often diminishes the lightweight advantage of PP. Therefore, in this work, glass bubbles (GB) and octacedylamine-modified zirconium phosphate (mZrP) are introduced into the PP/ATH composite in order to lower the material density and simultaneously maintain/enhance the flame retardancy. A series of PP composites have been prepared to explore the formulation which can endow the composite with balanced flame retardancy, good mechanical properties, and low density. The morphology, thermal stability, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties of the composites were characterized. The results indicated the addition of GB could reduce the density, but decreased the flame retardancy of PP composites at the same time. To overcome this defect, ATH and mZrP with synergetic effect of flame retardancy were added into the composite. The dosage of each additive was optimized for achieving a balance of flame retardancy, good mechanical properties, and density. With 47 wt % ATH, 10 wt % GB, and 3 wt % mZrP, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total smoke production (TSP) of the composite PP-4 were reduced by 91% and 78%, respectively. At the same time, increased impact strength was achieved compared with neat PP and the composite with ATH only. Maintaining the flame retardancy and mechanical properties, the density of composite PP-4 (1.27 g·cm−3) is lower than that with ATH only (PP-1, 1.46 g·cm−3). Through this research, we hope to provide an efficient approach to designing flame retardant polypropylene (PP) composites with low density.

show abstract

“…Many natural resources such as starch, chitosan, and cyclodextrin, were used as carbon source of IFR system due to their good char‐forming ability during combustion. Besides, DNA, nitrogenous bases, nucleotides, phytic acid, etc., were applied as synergists in IFR system to promote the interaction between IFR and polymer matrix and improve the flame‐retardant efficiency of IFR. For example, Wang et al studied the synergistic effect of bases and nucleotide‐based microspheres in the PP/IFR system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a semi‐bio‐based triazine derivative on intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene

Wang

2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A semi‐bio‐based synergist (N, N′, N″‐1, 3, 5‐triazine‐2, 4, 6‐triyltris‐glycine [TTG]) was prepared by using glycine and cyanuric chloride. The structure of TTG was characterized by 1H NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The TTG was applied in polypropylene (PP)/intumescent flame‐retardant compounds to improve its flame retardancy. The flame‐retardant properties of PP compounds were evaluated by limiting oxygen index and vertical burning tests (UL‐94). The results showed that 17 wt% intumescent flame‐retardant and 1 wt% TTG makes PP achieve the UL‐94 V‐0 rating without drippings, and the limiting oxygen index value is increased to 29.5 vol%. The thermal degradation behavior and char morphology of PP compounds were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that TTG accelerates the formation of char layer, regulates the porous structure of char layer, and enhances its barrier property. Therefore, the temperatures of PP compound after two ignitions during the UL‐94 test are decreased significantly as shown in infrared thermal imaging. In addition, the combustion characteristics of PP compounds were investigated by cone calorimeter. The peak of heat release rate (PHRR) of PP compound is 67% reduced, and the tPHRR is delayed from 223 to 430 seconds, indicates that the combustion risk of PP compound is reduced.

show abstract

DNA as a flame retardant additive for low-density polyethylene

Cited by 48 publications

References 29 publications

Poly (diallyldimethylammonium) and polyphosphate polyelectrolyte complexes as an all‐in‐one flame retardant for polypropylene

Poly (diallyldimethylammonium) and polyphosphate polyelectrolyte complexes as an all‐in‐one flame retardant for polypropylene

Flame Retardant Polypropylene Composites with Low Densities

Effects of a semi‐bio‐based triazine derivative on intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About