DNA analysis in disputed parentage: The occurrence of two apparently false exclusions of paternity, both at short tandem repeat (STR) loci, in the one child

Gunn, Peter; Trueman, Katherine; Stapleton, Patricia; Klarkowski, Derryck

doi:10.1002/elps.1150180930

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…For a conclusion of non-paternity, exclusions in more than one or two loci are practically required as the possibility of mutations or null alleles cannot be ignored (see for example Chakraborty et al 1974;Kaye 1990;Chakraborty and Stivers 1996;Gunn et al 1997;Brinkmann et al 2001). To address this, the following formulae are available.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power of exclusion revisited: probability of excluding relatives of the true father from paternity

Fung

Chung

Wong³

2002

Int J Legal Med

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In parentage testing using DNA markers, the formulae for calculating the probability of exclusion generally overstate the power of a test battery by considering its ability to exclude a random man. It is known that in many cases, in particular immigration applications, the false father is more likely to be a relative, e.g. brother, of the true father than an unrelated man. This work presents formulae that take this consideration into account. A practical example using Hong Kong data is provided to illustrate the effect of the modification. Also discussed is how the expected efficacy of a test battery will be affected when possible mutations and null alleles or genetic inconsistencies are taken into consideration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power of exclusion revisited: probability of excluding relatives of the true father from paternity

Fung

Chung

Wong³

2002

Int J Legal Med

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“…In this procedure it was essential to have genotypes for several loci to declare non-paternity with absolute confidence with a minimum of three excluding loci to avoid false exclusions due to mutations (Gunn et al 1997). Di-nucleotide repeat microsatellites have been reported to have higher mutation rates following the step-wise mutation model (Valdes 1993) than longer repeat motifs in humans (Brinkmann et al 1999) and, more recently, in maize (Vigouroux et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective selection of elite parent trees using paternity testing with microsatellite markers: an alternative short term breeding tactic for Eucalyptus

Grattapaglia

Ribeiro

Rezende³

2004

Theor Appl Genet

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The conventional way to drive modifications in old forest tree seed orchards is to establish progeny trials involving each parent tree and then evaluate its contribution to the performance of the progeny by estimating its general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA). In this work, we successfully applied an alternative parent selection tactic based on paternity testing of superior offspring derived from a hybrid seed orchard established with a single Eucalyptus grandis seed parents and six E. urophylla pollen parents. A battery of 14 microsatellite markers was used to carry out parentage tests of 256 progeny individuals including two independent samples of selected trees and one control unselected sample, all derived from 6-year-old forest stands in eastern Brazil. Paternity determination was carried out for all progeny individuals by a sequential paternity exclusion procedure. Exclusion was declared only when the obligatory paternal allele in the progeny tree was not present in the alleged parent tree for at least four independent markers to avoid false exclusions due to mutation or null alleles. After maternity checks to identify seed mixtures and selfed individuals, the paternity tests revealed that approximately 29% of the offspring was sired by pollen parents outside the orchard. No selfed progeny were found in the selected samples. Three pollen parents were found to have sired essentially all of the offspring in the samples of selected and non-selected progeny individuals. One of these three parents sired significantly more selected progeny than unselected ones ( P< or =0.0002 in a Fisher exact test). Based on these results, low-reproductive-successful parents were culled from the orchard, and management procedures were adopted to minimize external pollen contamination. A significant difference ( P<0.01) in mean annual increment was observed between forest stands produced with seed from the orchard before and after selection of parents and revitalization of the orchard. An average realized gain of 24.3% in volume growth was obtained from the selection of parents as measured in forest stands at age 2-4 years. The marker-assisted tree-breeding tactic presented herein efficiently identified top parents in a seed orchard and resulted in an improved seed variety. It should be applicable for rapidly improving the output quality of seed orchards, especially when an emergency demand for improved seed is faced by the breeder.

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“…Mutations have been observed at multiple loci in the same individual for Y-STRs [22] and autosomal STRs [25] and may lead to a wrongful exclusion [26]. However, likelihood ratios that incorporate a method to take account of mutation rates across multiple loci can be used to analyse data with apparent exclusions caused by mutation events.…”

Section: Mutation Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Commission of the International Society of Forensic Genetics: recommendations on forensic analysis using Y-chromosome STRs

Gill

Brenner²,

Brinkmann

et al. 2001

International Journal of Legal Medicine

136

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During the past few years the DNA commission of the International Society of Forensic Genetics has published a series of documents providing guidelines and recommendations concerning the application of DNA polymorphisms to the problems of human identification. This latest report addresses a relatively new area, namely Y-chromosome polymorphisms, with particular emphasis on short tandem repeats (STRs). This report addresses nomenclature, use of allelic ladders, population genetics and reporting methods.

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DNA analysis in disputed parentage: The occurrence of two apparently false exclusions of paternity, both at short tandem repeat (STR) loci, in the one child

Cited by 40 publications

References 4 publications

Power of exclusion revisited: probability of excluding relatives of the true father from paternity

Power of exclusion revisited: probability of excluding relatives of the true father from paternity

Retrospective selection of elite parent trees using paternity testing with microsatellite markers: an alternative short term breeding tactic for Eucalyptus

DNA Commission of the International Society of Forensic Genetics: recommendations on forensic analysis using Y-chromosome STRs

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