Dmetallization of Iraqi Crude oil by Using Zeolite A

Abstract

The feasibility of the removal of vanadium(V) from Iraqi crude oil using zeolite A was investigated. Different operating parameters such as adsorbent loading, vanadium loading, and operating time were studied for their effects on metal removal efficiency. Experimental results of adsorption test show that Langmuir isotherm predicts well the experimental data and the maximum zeolite A uptake of V was 30 mg/g. XRD and EDX analyses revealed the noticeable uptake of zeolite for V. In crude oil, experimental results indicated that for zeolite loading at 1 g/100 mL oil and within approximately 5 h, the removal efficiencies of V were 60, 45, and 33% at vanadium loadings of 75, 85, and 95 ppm respectively. While at 10, 20, 40, and 50 h the removal efficiency was 68, 75, 78 and 78% for 75 ppm of V loading. The equilibrium concentration of V in crude oil was attained after 40 h of operation. Long-term tests revealed the high stability of zeolite A for vanadium removal. Results depict that zeolite A could be advantageous for removal of V in the crude oil hydrotreating units.

Comprehensive demetallization of crude oil using spherical polyelectrolyte brushes with submicron polybutadiene latex as a core

“…4 If the metals are not effectively removed, they will cause serious problems, such as the deactivation of the catalyst during the processing of crude oil, 5 the corrosion of the oil refining equipment, 6 and the deterioration of middle and downstream product quality. 6,7 Among them, calcium and iron are mostly present in crude oil in the form of oil-soluble organic salts, 8 which can be stably chelated with the aromatic hydrocarbon system in crude oil 9 through the π-π chemical bond and are difficult to be removed. 10 Besides, nickels in the form of oil-soluble porphyrin 11 or non-porphyrin complex, 12 are mostly present in the resin or asphaltene, 13 which is more difficult to be removed through the traditional electric desalination process.…”

“…The content of metals in heavy crude oil, such as calcium, iron and nickel, 3 are generally higher than before 4 . If the metals are not effectively removed, they will cause serious problems, such as the deactivation of the catalyst during the processing of crude oil, 5 the corrosion of the oil refining equipment, 6 and the deterioration of middle and downstream product quality 6,7 . Among them, calcium and iron are mostly present in crude oil in the form of oil‐soluble organic salts, 8 which can be stably chelated with the aromatic hydrocarbon system in crude oil 9 through the π–π chemical bond and are difficult to be removed 10 .…”

Desulfurization of a Model Liquid Fuel by Adsorption over Zinc oxide/Activated Alumina Assisted with Ultrasonication

“…Therefore, a second method was used to complement the HDS process to reach a sulfur content ≤ 10 ppm, in line with international regulations to preserve the environment [5]. Adsorption desulfurization has attracted researchers' interest because of its numerous benefits, including low energy consumption, the capacity to remove refractory sulfur, and the ability to operate at ambient temperature and pressure without the need for oxygen or hydrogen [6]. In the present work, sonication technology was used accompanying the adsorption process.…”