Diversity of Viruses Infecting Eukaryotic Algae

Short, Steven M.; Staniewski, Michael A.; Chaban, Yuri; Long, Andrew M.; Wang, Donglin

doi:10.21775/cimb.039.029

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 172 publications

(284 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Due to the ancient nature of eukaryotic algae (ca. 1.8 billion years), their involvement in secondary plastid endosymbiosis events involving many branches of the eukaryotic phylogeny, and that microalgae constitute a primary food source for marine and freshwater food chain, it is also possible that algal viruses played a crucial role in the early events of eukaryote virus evolution 5,17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-transcriptomic detection of diverse and divergent RNA viruses in green and chlorarachniophyte algae

Charon

Wetherbee

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

24Our knowledge of the diversity and evolution of the virosphere will likely increase 25 dramatically with the study of microbial eukaryotes, including the microalgae in few RNA 26 viruses have been documented to date. By combining meta-transcriptomic approaches 27 with sequence and structural-based homology detection, followed by PCR confirmation, we 28 identified 18 novel RNA viruses in two major groups of microbial algae -the chlorophytes 29 and the chlorarachniophytes. Most of the RNA viruses identified in the green algae class 30 Ulvophyceae were related to those from the families Tombusviridae and Amalgaviridae that 31 have previously been associated with plants, suggesting that these viruses have an 32 evolutionary history that extends to when their host groups shared a common ancestor. In 33 contrast, seven ulvophyte associated viruses exhibited clear similarity with the mitoviruses 34 that are most commonly found in fungi. This is compatible with horizontal virus transfer 35 between algae and fungi, although mitoviruses have recently been documented in plants. 36 We also document, for the first time, RNA viruses in the chlorarachniophytes, including the 37 first observation of a negative-sense (bunya-like) RNA virus in microalgae. The other virus-38 like sequence detected in chlorarachniophytes is distantly related to those from the plant 39 virus family Virgaviridae, suggesting that they may have been inherited from the secondary 40 chloroplast endosymbiosis event that marked the origin of the chlorarachniophytes. More 41 broadly, this work suggests that the scarcity of RNA viruses in algae most likely results from 42 limited investigation rather than their absence. Greater effort is needed to characterize the 43 RNA viromes of unicellular eukaryotes, including through structure-based methods that are 44 able to detect distant homologies, and with the inclusion of a wider range of eukaryotic 45 microorganisms. 46 47 Author summary 48 3 RNA viruses are expected to infect all living organisms on Earth. Despite recent 49 developments in and the deployment of large-scale sequencing technologies, our 50 understanding of the RNA virosphere remains anthropocentric and largely restricted to 51 human, livestock, cultivated plants and vectors for viral disease. However, a broader 52 investigation of the diversity of RNA viruses, especially in protists, is expected to answer 53 fundamental questions about their origin and long-term evolution. This study first 54 investigates the RNA virus diversity in unicellular algae taxa from the phylogenetically 55 distinct ulvophytes and chlorarachniophytes taxa. Despite very high levels of sequence 56 divergence, we were able to identify 18 new RNA viruses, largely related to plant and fungi 57 viruses, and likely illustrating a past history of horizontal transfer events that have occurred 58 during RNA virus evolution. We also hypothesise that the sequence similarity between a 59 chlorarachniophyte-associated virga-like virus and members of Virgaviridae...

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-transcriptomic detection of diverse and divergent RNA viruses in green and chlorarachniophyte algae

Charon

Wetherbee

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the virosphere, many species are capable of infecting microalgae. In addition to triggering high mortality rates, such species can reprogram host metabolism, including photosynthesis and important cycling processes, such as central carbon metabolism, phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur [ 178 ].…”

Section: Design Of a Viral-based Vector For Microalgae Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status and Perspective on the Use of Viral-Based Vectors in Eukaryotic Microalgae

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During the last two decades, microalgae have attracted increasing interest, both commercially and scientifically. Commercial potential involves utilizing valuable natural compounds, including carotenoids, polysaccharides, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are widely applicable in food, biofuel, and pharmaceutical industries. Conversely, scientific potential focuses on bioreactors for producing recombinant proteins and developing viable technologies to significantly increase the yield and harvest periods. Here, viral-based vectors and transient expression strategies have significantly contributed to improving plant biotechnology. We present an updated outlook covering microalgal biotechnology for pharmaceutical application, transformation techniques for generating recombinant proteins, and genetic engineering tactics for viral-based vector construction. Challenges in industrial application are also discussed.

show abstract

“…They disappear with increased abundance of viruses, which species-specifically terminate phytoplanktonic blooms (Bratbak et al, 1993;Massana et al, 2007). Viruses are abundant in seawater and comprise of ×10 30 particles in the global oceans (Suttle, 2005), infecting microbes and causing the lysis of their hosts (Short et al, 2020;Correa et al, 2021), bringing about 20% of marine microorganisms to death per day (Suttle, 2007;Danovaro et al, 2011;Mansour, 2013). Consequently, they affect the structure of microbial communities as well as biogeochemical cycles of nutrients and the oceanic carbon sequestration capacity (Suttle, 2007;Danovaro et al, 2011;Short, 2012;Yang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced salinity exacerbates the viral infection on the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi at elevated pCO2

Gao

2022

Front. Mar. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The blooms of coccolithophores are usually terminated by their viruses. However, little has been documented on the interplay between the host with virus under different environmental conditions. We investigated the relationship of Emiliania huxleyi (BOF92) and its virus (EhV99B1) after the coccolithophorid had acclimated to different levels of salinity (S35: 35‰; S25: 25‰) and CO2 (AC: 400 μatm; HC: 1000 μatm) for about 15 generations. Our results showed that the virus infection decreased the growth of E. huxleyi along with decreased photochemical efficiency and photosynthetic carbon fixation under all the combinations of the treatments. Lowered salinity exacerbated the impacts of the viral infection on the growth and photosynthetic performance of E. huxley. The elevated pCO2 appeared to have alleviated the impacts of the viral infection on its photosynthetic performance with enhanced levels of Fv/Fm, by about 49% under S35 and by about 16% under S25, respectively. Nevertheless, the elevated pCO2 enhanced the virus burst size by about 18% under the high and by about 46% under the low levels of salinity, respectively. It is concluded that reduced salinity under the elevated pCO2 exacerbates the impact of the virus on E. huxleyi, leading to the highest burst sizes and the lowest photosynthetic carbon fixation, and the enhanced photochemical efficiency and increased levels of Chl a under the elevated pCO2 could have facilitated the energy supply for the virus multiplication in the infected cells of E. huxleyi.

show abstract

Diversity of Viruses Infecting Eukaryotic Algae

Cited by 22 publications

References 172 publications

Meta-transcriptomic detection of diverse and divergent RNA viruses in green and chlorarachniophyte algae

Meta-transcriptomic detection of diverse and divergent RNA viruses in green and chlorarachniophyte algae

Current Status and Perspective on the Use of Viral-Based Vectors in Eukaryotic Microalgae

Reduced salinity exacerbates the viral infection on the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi at elevated pCO2

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About