Diversity of Streptomyces spp. from mangrove forest of Sarawak (Malaysia) and screening of their antioxidant and cytotoxic activities

Abstract

Streptomycetes have been the center of attraction within scientific community owing to their capability to produce various bioactive compounds, for instance, with different antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. The search for novel Streptomyces spp. from underexplored area such as mangrove environment has been gaining attention since these microorganisms could produce pharmaceutically important metabolites. The aim of this study is to discover the diversity of Streptomyces spp. from mangrove in Sarawak and their bioactive potentials — in relation to antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. A total of 88 Streptomyces isolates were successfully recovered from the mangrove soil in Kuching, state of Sarawak, Malaysia. Phylogenetic analysis of all the isolates and their closely related type strains using 16S rRNA gene sequences resulted in 7 major clades in the phylogenetic tree reconstructed based on neighbour-joining algorithm. Of the 88 isolates, 18 isolates could be considered as potentially novel species according to the 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analyses. Preliminary bioactivity screening conducted on the potential novel Streptomyces isolates revealed significant antioxidant activity and notable cytotoxic effect against tested colon cancer cell lines (HCT-116, HT-29, Caco-2, and SW480), with greater cytotoxicity towards SW480 and HT-29 cells. This study highlighted that the Sarawak mangrove environment is a rich reservoir containing streptomycetes that could produce novel secondary metabolites with antioxidant and cytotoxic activities.

Streptomyces sp. Strain MUSC 125 from Mangrove Soil in Malaysia with Anti-MRSA, Anti-Biofilm and Antioxidant Activities

“…In recent years, the search for Streptomyces is concentrated on the rather less explored ecological niches such as the mangrove forest to increase chances of finding new Streptomyces species with bioactive potentials [24,56,57]. An earlier study by Ser, et al [37] demonstrated the large genome size of Streptomyces sp.…”

“…A rich biodiversity translates to a rich chemical diversity, and this is evidenced in that various resources are derived from mangroves and utilized in traditional medicines [23]. The microbiological diversity in the mangrove soil, particularly the Streptomyces, and their biosynthetic potentials remain underexplored [24]. Many of the lead compounds reported from mangrove forests were isolated from endophytic fungi with few reported from Streptomyces [25].…”

“…The antioxidant potential of several mangrove Streptomyces in Malaysia have been reported [27][28][29]. To date, the mangrove forest remains largely an understudied ecosystem with respect to investigating their secondary metabolites which are valuable sources for future development of therapeutics [24]. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the anti-MRSA, anti-adherence and antioxidant potentials of a mangrove-derived Streptomyces sp.…”

Comprehensive Insight of Neurodegenerative Diseases and The Role of Neurotoxin Agents — Glutamate

“…Studies demonstrated that radical scavengers like vitamin E, in the form of tocopherol and tocotrienol, can protect the glutamate-injured cells from oxidative stress. Other than vitamin E, other sources such as microbial resources were also demonstrating strong antioxidants [116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126] and neuroprotective properties [127][128][129][130][131][132] such as metal chelating and radical scavenging potentials [133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140] . In conclusion, neuronal cell seemed to be the most vulnerable brain cells toward glutamate toxicity.…”

Genome sequence of bioactive streptomycete isolated from mangrove forest in East Malaysia, Streptomyces monashensis MUSC 1JT

“…Desferrioxamine B as a siderophore is capable of chelating iron and has been used clinically to treat iron overdose. Additionally, desferrioxamine can prevent oxidative stress by preventing accumulation of free radicals [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] . These actions, in turn enabled, desferrioxamine to be able to reduce occurrence of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease by preventing inflammation including regulating activation of microglial cells which are capable of producing pro-inflammatory cytokine.…”