Diversity of Qualitative Characteristics and Their Use to Distinguish the Origin of the Bali Cattle Population

Abstract

Background: The development of local Bali cattle in ex-situ areas allow for the formation of new qualitative phenotypic characteristics. The aim of this study is to characterize Bali cattle that have been created in Jambi Province’s ex-situ environment in several of rearing areas. Methods: A research sample of 478 Bali cattle from Muaro Jambi (MJB) district, Sarolangun (SLG) district, Tanjung Jabung Timur (TJT) District, Jambi City (KJB) and PTPN VI were surveyed. The qualitative phenotype characteristic observed were pattern of head color, dominant head color, inner-ear color, forehead color, side-lip color, horn shape, body-color pattern, dominant body color, back-line color, under-belly color, sock color, rump color and tail color. The frequency and percentage of each qualitative characteristic were calculated using the PROC FREQ function of SAS software version 9.0, resulting in a cross-tabulation of the qualitative characteristics observed in Bali cattle at various locations. Then, PROC CORESP performs multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) between the qualitative characteristics of the variables. The resulting plot depicts the graphical relationship between variables. Result: Research results based on sex showed that only white lower lip and black inner ear were characteristic of the head found to be common, while black backline, light-brown underbelly, white rump and black tail hair were common characteristics for the body. Head phenotype based on district showed that white lower lip and white-black inner ear could be found in male Bali cattle while white lower lip and abnormal horn characteristic could be found in females. Body characteristic analysis showed three-color pattern to be common in male Bali cattle while black backline, white feet and white rump were common characteristics found in females. These characteristics can therefore be seen as differentiating characteristics between sex and district of origin of Bali cattle.

Differentiation of three sheep breeds which have a genetic relationship by body sizes

“…This means that SC and BC sheep cannot be distinguished based on cluster analysis and this is in accordance with the results of the analysis of variance which found that almost all the body sizes of the two sheep were not significantly different. By using discriminant analysis, Dauda et al [22] can differentiate between several breed sheep in Nigeria, and Hayanti et al [23] can also distinguish the origin of Bali cattle in the Jambi province of Indonesia. Discriminant analisys can also as a tool to identify bovine and ovine meat produced from pasture or stall-fed animals [24].…”

Qualitative Morphological Characterization of Male Indonesian Local Sheep Breeds on Java Island, Indonesia

“…If two categories show high coordinates and are close together in space, the categories tend to be related. If two categories are seen at high coordinates but are not close together (with opposite signs), the variables tend to be inversely associated (Di Franco, 2016;Hayanti et al, 2022). Discrimination measures on dimensions 1 and 2 will build a plot of the relationship between categories presented in In JTT, Priangan and Garut sheep, the distribution of body qualitative morphological characteristics is diverse and close to each other.…”

Morphostructural Traits in Indonesian Female Goat Breeds of Boer, Boerka, Kacang and Ettawa Cross

“…This knowledge can be used to develop breeding programs aimed at improving specific traits or creating new breeds with desirable characteristics (17). Morphometric studies can be used to study the genetic diversity of a breed (20,35,10,4) breed types and functions (30,8,21), prediction of body weight and carcass (3,12), prediction of daily milk production (33,27,21), udder health (31,33), embryo growth (19), differentiation and estimation of genetic distance between populations/breeds (25,7) and differentiation based on origin (18) are as well as giving recommendations for genetic improvement and management of livestock genetic resources in the context of conservation (23). The diversity of livestock breeds can also be estimated based on genetic diversity, both in gene regions associated with certain traits (2,13) and non-gene regions/microsatellite markers (16).…”