Diversity of nonribosomal peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase genes in the genus Actinoplanes found in Mongolia

Genome-wide survey of polyketide synthase and nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene clusters in Streptomyces turgidiscabies NBRC 16081

“…We then scanned biosynthetic genes for secondary metabolites within the genome and focused on PKS and NRPS genes to assess this species as a producer of secondary metabolites, since polyketides and nonribosomal peptides represent most major classes of bioactive compounds prevalent in the genus Streptomyces (Nett et al, 2009). These genes are often targeted and analyzed to evaluate the potential of actinomycetes strains as screening sources (Enkh-Amgalan et al, 2012;Khan et al, 2011;Komaki et al, 2009). Finally, we discuss the abundance and novelty of PKS and NRPS gene clusters in S. turgidiscabies.…”

Kendomycin Cytotoxicity against Bacterial, Fungal, and Mammalian Cells Is Due to Cation Chelation

“…Sensitivity of the heterozygous deletion strains is plotted against statistical significance ( z -score) as previously described. 1 Black dots represent nonessential and gray squares essential genes of the S. cerevisiae genome. Alignment of the z -scores of kendomycin and the clinical cation chelator exjade reveals a conserved set of hypersensitive hits, shown in (C), providing further evidence that kendomycin shares a similar mechanism of action with cation chelators in general.…”

“…(B) HIP profile of kendomycin tested in two independent biological replicates at 16.5 μM. Sensitivity of the heterozygous deletion strains is plotted against statistical significance ( z -score) as previously described . Black dots represent nonessential and gray squares essential genes of the S. cerevisiae genome.…”

“…The obtained clear solution was transferred into a 5.0 mm NMR sample tube for measurement. 1 H and 13 C detected 1D and 2D NMR spectra of the sample were recorded at 300 K using a Bruker 600 MHz AVANCE III HD spectrometer equipped with a 5.0 mm 13 C{ 1 H} CryoProbe with a zgradient system. For titration experiments 1.0 mg of kendomycin was dissolved in 600 μL of DMSO-d 6 /D 2 O (85%:15% v/v) in the presence of 0.33, 0.66, and 1.0 equiv of either CuSO 4 or FeSO 4 .…”

“…The secondary metabolite kendomycin (Figure A) is a macrocyclic polyketide produced by several Streptomyces species. Since its discovery, a variety of cytotoxic activities, including killing of both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, pathogenic fungi, and a number of human cancer cell lines, were reported. This generated substantial interest in kendomycin, leading to the establishment of a total synthesis method and identification and cloning of its corresponding polyketide synthase cluster .…”