Luteipulveratus mongoliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an actinobacterial taxon in the family Dermacoccaceae A novel actinobacterial strain, MN07-A0370 T , was isolated from Mongolian soil and its taxonomic status was determined using a polyphasic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies revealed that strain MN07-A0370 T represented a novel lineage within the actinobacteria. Strain MN07-A0370 T formed a distinct clade in the family Dermacoccaceae and was most closely related to the members of the genera Dermacoccus (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 96.2 %-96.4 %), Demetria (94.1 %) and Kytococcus (93.7 %). The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the novel strain contained L-lysine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and serine and represented peptidoglycan type A4a. The menaquinones were MK-8(H 4 ) and MK-8(H 6 ). The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol and the whole-cell sugars were galactose, mannose, rhamnose, ribose and glucose. Mycolic acids were absent. The fatty acid profile was characterized by the presence of large amounts of saturated iso-and anteisobranched-chain fatty acids as well as smaller amounts of saturated straight-chain and unsaturated acids. The major fatty acids were iso-C 16 : 0 , anteiso-C 17 : 0 , iso-C 16 : 1 H, C 17 : 1 v9c and C 17 : 0 10-methyl. The G+C content of the DNA was 68.2 mol%. On the basis of chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical differences from other genera of the family Dermacoccaceae, strain MN07-A0370 T should be classified as representing a novel species in a new genus, for which we propose the name Luteipulveratus mongoliensis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is MN07-A0370 T (5NBRC 105296 T 5VTCC D9-09 T ).Mongolia is one of the largest Asian countries and is unique in its environmental traits. Recently, these environments have attracted the attention of naturalists and other researchers looking for novel actinomycetes (Norovsuren et al., 2007). In a programme aimed at isolating novel rare actinomycetes from Mongolia as a potential source of bioactive secondary metabolites, strain MN07-A0370 T , in the family Dermacoccaceae (Stackebrandt & Schumann, 2000), was studied to establish its taxonomic status. The family Dermacoccaceae currently contains three recognized genera, Dermacoccus and Kytococcus (Stackebrandt et al., 1995) and Demetria (Groth et al., 1997a). Isolates assigned to this family are typically associated with terrestrial habitats, notably cured meat products, skin, human blood and soil (De la Rosa et al., 1990;Cordero & Zumalacarregui, 2000;Becker et al., 2002; Papamanoli et al., 2002).Samples of grassland soil were collected in July 2007 from Terelj National Park, Töv Province, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The samples were dried at room temperature for 5-7 days, rehydrated and centrifuged (Hayakawa et al., 2000) and used to inoculate humic acid-vitamin agar (Hayakawa & Nonomura, 1987) containing (l 21 ) 20 mg trimethoprim and 10 mg nalidixic acid. Strain MN07-A0370 T was isolated after incubat...

A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile actinomycete, strain MN08-A0203 T , that formed pale yellow to orange-brown colonies and non-fragmented branched substrate mycelium is described. The strain, which produced very scanty aerial mycelium-like structures and scanty formation of spherical bodies on the aerial mycelium on Bennett's agar medium, was studied in detail to determine its taxonomic position. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain MN08-A0203 T grouped with the genus Actinophytocola, being most closely related to the type strain of Actinophytocola oryzae (97.8 %). Chemotaxonomic data [menaquinone MK-9(H 4 ); iso-C 16 : 0 (27 %), iso-C 15 : 0 (18 %), C 16 : 1 H (8 %), C 16 : 0 9-methyl (8 %) as major fatty acids; glucose, galactose, ribose, arabinose, mannose, rhamnose and xylose (trace) as whole cell sugars; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine and ninhydrin-positive phosphoglycolipids as polar phospholipids] supported allocation of the strain to the genus Actinophytocola. Furthermore, the results of DNA-DNA hybridization of strain MN08-A0203 T with the type strain of Actinophytocola oryzae revealed that the two strains were genetically distinct from each other. Moreover, physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain MN08-A0203 T from closely related species. Thus, MN08-A0203 T represents a novel species of the genus Actinophytocola, for which the name Actinophytocola burenkhanensis sp. nov. is proposed, with MN08-A0203 T (5NBRC 105883 T 5VTCC D9-23 T ) as the type strain.The genus Actinophytocola was proposed by Indananda et al. (2010) as a member of the family Pseudonocardiaceae Embley et al. (1988( ) emend. Stackebrandt et al. (1997. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and 16S rRNA signature nucleotide patterns, the family currently contains 18 genera with validly published names, as described previously by Indananda et al. (2010). The single member of the genus Actinophytocola forms rod-shaped spores on aerial mycelium, but no sporangium-like structures or fragmentation of substrate mycelium are observed. The vegetative mycelia are light melon yellow and aerial mycelium is pale peach on International Streptomyces project (ISP) 3 medium. The cell wall contains meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine, glutamic acid and acetylated muramic acid. The whole-cell sugars are arabinose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose. Mycolic acids are absent. The major fatty acids are iso-C 16 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 0 and C 16 : 0 . The diagnostic menaquinone is MK-9(H 4 ). The polar phospholipids consist of phosphatidylethanolamine and hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content is 71.1 mol% (Indananda et al., 2010).During the characterization of organisms from soil samples collected near Burenkhan, Khuvsgul province, Mongolia, strain MN08-A0203 T was isolated using the rehydrationcentrifugation method (Hayakawa et al., 2000) on humic acid-vitamin agar (Hayakawa & Nonomura, 1987) The strain w...

Two novel actinomycetes, designated MN07-A0368T and MN07-A0371 T , were isolated from soil of Terelj, Tö v Province, Mongolia, and subjected to phenotypic and genotypic characterization. They produced well-developed, non-fragmenting, extensively branched substrate hyphae from which oval to irregular sporangia were produced. Chemotaxonomic characteristics, i.e. cell wall diaminopimelic acid, whole-cell sugars, fatty acid components and major menaquinones, suggested that the two organisms belonged to the genus Actinoplanes. A comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains MN07-A0368 T and MN07-A0371 T formed a distinct clade within the genus and were closely related to the type strains of: Actinoplanes ferrugineus (97.7 % sequence similarity); Actinoplanes brasiliensis (97.7-97.8 %); Actinoplanes deccanensis (97.6-97.9 %); Actinoplanes durhamensis (96.9-97.0 %); and Actinoplanes globisporus (96.5-96.8 %). Strains MN07-A0368 T and MN07-A0371 T could be differentiated from each other and from strains of closely related species of the genus Actinoplanes by DNA-DNA hybridization, physiological and biochemical characteristics, fatty acid composition, and whole-cell sugar components. The broad range of phenotypic and genetic characters supported the suggestion that these strains represent two novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, for which the names Actinoplanes toevensis sp. nov. (type strain MN07-A0368

Two actinomycetes, designated MN08-A0270T and MN08-A0297T, were isolated from soil from the area around Khuvsgul Lake, Khuvsgul province, Mongolia, and subjected to phenotypic and genotypic characterization. They produced well-developed, branched substrate hyphae and, similar to closely related species of the genus Pseudonocardia, produced zigzag-shaped aerial hyphae by acropetal budding and blastospores. A comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains MN08-A0270T and MN08-A0297T formed two distinct clades within the genus Pseudonocardia and were respectively most closely related to Pseudonocardia yunnanensis NBRC 15681T (97.3 % similarity) and Pseudonocardia thermophila IMSNU 20112T (97.1 %). Chemotaxonomic characteristics, including cell-wall diaminopimelic acid, whole-cell sugars, fatty acid components and major menaquinones, suggested that the two organisms belonged to the genus Pseudonocardia. Strains MN08-A0270T and MN08-A0297T could be differentiated from each other and from closely related species of the genus Pseudonocardia by physiological and biochemical characteristics, predominant fatty acids, menaquinones and whole-cell sugar components. Combined with the results of a broad range of phenotypic tests and DNA–DNA hybridization data and phylogenetic analysis, these results support the conclusion that these strains represent two novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia, for which we propose the names Pseudonocardia mongoliensis sp. nov. (type strain MN08-A0270T  = NBRC 105885T  = VTCC D9-25T) and Pseudonocardia khuvsgulensis sp. nov. (type strain MN08-A0297T  = NBRC 105886T  = VTCC D9-26T).

A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile actinomycete, strain MN08-A0264T , was isolated from soil sampled in Mongolia. . The allocation of the isolate to the genus Cryptosporangium was supported by chemotaxonomic data: menaquinone MK-9(H 6 ) with minor amounts of MK-9(H 8 ) and MK-9(H 4 ), major amounts of iso-C 16 : 0 , C 18 : 1 9c and C 17 : 0 10-methyl, a polar lipid profile comprising phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycolipids, and whole-cell sugars glucose, galactose, acofriose (3-0 methylrhamnose), mannose, ribose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose (trace). DNA-DNA relatedness (5-20 %) differentiated the isolate from its closest neighbours. The physiological and biochemical tests allowed the differentiation of strain MN08-A0264T from members of the genus Cryptosporangium. Thus, strain MN08-A0264