Diversity of endophytic fungi from Vernonia amygdalina, their phenolic and flavonoid contents and bioactivities

Abstract

Abstract. Praptiwi, Fathoni A, Ilyas M. 2019. Diversity of endophytic fungi from Vernonia amygdalina, their phenolic and flavonoid contents and bioactivities. Biodiversitas 20: 436-441. There are nine endophytic fungi in total associated with stem and leaves of Vernonia amygdalina were determined for their total phenolic and flavonoids content as well as assessed for their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by spectrophotometric methods. The antibacterial activity was performed using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) - Bioautography assay against S.aureus and E.coli. The antioxidant activity was carried out using TLC- Bioautography by DPPH scavenging assay. Broth serial microdilution assay was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50). Among the identified isolates, there was one isolate of Phomopsis sp., two isolates of Phoma sp., two isolates of Lasiodiplodia sp., two isolates of Colletotrichum sp. and two isolates of Phyllosticta sp. The results showed that the phenolic contents were ranging from 0.53-116.03 mg GAE/g extract, flavonoids contents were ranging from 81.12 to 390.21 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g extract. MICs of endophytic fungi against S.aureus and E.coli ranged from 256 to >256 µg/mL and >256 µg/mL respectively that categorized as moderate antibacterial activity. The antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi associated with V. amygdalina was >128 µg/mL, and the antioxidant activity index (AAI) was 0.24.

Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Medicinal Plants in Simeulue Island, Aceh

“…Parts of the plants were washed, and cut to approximately 1-4 cm, followed by surface sterilization according to Praptiwi et al (2020) as follow: soaking in 70% alcohol for 1 minute, followed by soaking in 5.25% NaOCl for 2.5-3.5 minutes, and then dipped again in 70% alcohol for 30 seconds. Sterile samples were dried aseptically and cut into small pieces with sterile blades, placed on the surface of Corn Meal Malt Agar (CMMA) medium supplementing with 0.05 mg/ml chloramphenicol and incubated for 3-5 days at room temperature.…”

“…Secondary metabolites analysis were performed by TLC assay according to Praptiwi et al (2020). The extracts were dissolved in acetone to a final concentration of 10 mg/ml.…”

“…Antibacterial activity by TLC Dot-Blot assay according to Praptiwi et al (2020). Ten microliters of 10 mg/ml extract were transferred on TLC plates and evaluated for antibacterial agents against Staphylococcus aureus InaCC B-4 and Escherichia coli InaCC B-5, by using TLC-DB dot blot assay.…”

Study on Endophytic Fungi Associated with Moringa oleifera Lam. Collected from Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara

“…(anamorph: Phyllosticta), Lasiodiplodia, Pestalotiopsis, Schizophyllum, and Xylaria (Praptiwi et al, 2016;Praptiwi et al, 2018;Ilyas et al, 2019;Praptiwi et al, 2020;Oktavia et al, 2020). Endophytic Phomopsis is the most abundant strain and often dominating the obtained strains (Praptiwi et al, 2018;Ilyas et al, 2019).…”

Phoma on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

“…Phenolic compounds, as well as flavonoids exhibiting antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, have been extracted from Phoma sp. endophyte inhabiting Vernonia amygdalina (Praptiwi et al 2020). P. herbarum associated with Curcuma longa was found to produce 2,5-dihydroxy benzyl alcohol which is commonly known as gentisyl alcohol.…”