Diversity of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae (Diptera, Oestroidea) in continuous forest and gaps at different stages of regeneration in the Urucu oilfield in western Brazilian Amazonia

Abstract

Diversity of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae (Diptera, Oestroidea) in continuous forest and gaps at different stages of regeneration in the Urucu oilfield in western Brazilian Amazonia. The diversity of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae in continuous forest and gaps at different stages of regeneration was studied in the Urucu river basin, in Coari, state of Amazonas, Brazil. The flies were collected at 16 sampling points, 12 in gaps at different stages of regeneration (early _ C1, mid- C2 and late successional _ C3) and four in continuous forest _ MT. The diversity of blowflies was similar in the two less regenerated habitats (C1 and C2), and lower than that in the late successional (C3) and continuous forests (MT). By contrast, the diversity of flesh flies was much higher in all three types of gaps (C1, C2 and C3) in comparison with continuous forest (MT). Ordination (NMDS) and similarity (ANOSIM) analyses revealed that the blowflies communities were grouped by habitat type, which affected species composition more than diversity. Analysis of the flesh flies revealed two main groupings, gaps (C1, C2 and C3) and continuous forest (MT), with no evidence of any influence of successional stage on the diversity of the community.<br>Diversidade de Calliphoridae e Sarcophagidae (Diptera, Oestroidea) em florestas contínuas e clareiras com diferentes estágios de regeneração no campo petrolífero Urucu no oeste da Amazônia brasileira. A diversidade de Calliphoridae e Sarcophagidae em florestas contínuas e clareiras com diferentes estágios de regeneração foi avaliada na bacia do Rio Urucu, Coari, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. As moscas foram coletadas em 16 áreas amostrais, 12 de clareira, em diferentes estágios de regeneração (pouco recuperadas _ C1, semi-recuperadas _ C2, bem recuperadas _ C3) e quatro em floresta contínua _ MT). A diversidade de Calliphoridae foi similar nos dois habitats menos recuperados (C1 e C2), sendo menores do que as dos habitats de clareiras bem recuperadas (C3) e florestas contínuas (MT). Entretanto, a diversidade de Sarcophagidae foi muito maior nos três tipos de clareiras (C1, C2 e C3) quando comparada com a floresta contínua (MT). As análises de ordenação (NMDS) e de similaridade (ANOSIM) demonstraram que as comunidades de Calliphoridae foram agrupadas conforme os quatro tipos de ambientes, e que a composição de espécies foi mais afetada do que a diversidade. A análise de Sarcophagidae revelou a formação de dois grupos, clareiras (C1, C2 e C3) e florestas contínuas (MT), sem evidência de qualquer influencia dos estágios de recuperação das clareiras sobre a diversidade da comunidade

Diversity of Forensically-Important Dipteran Species in Different Environments in Northeastern Brazil, with Notes on the Attractiveness of Animal Baits

“…Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) and Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann, 1819), for example, appear to be synanthropic (i.e., are associated with human-impacted environments [Montoya et al 2009]), whereas Mesembrinella spp. thrive in preserved forest fragments (Sousa et al 2011;Cabrini et al 2013).…”

“…The association of a species to protected environments may help in quantifying the degree of conservation of an area and in predicting the impact of invasive species. In the last few decades, Old World species such as Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819), C. megacephala (Fabricius, 1974), and C. putoria (Wiedemann, 1818) (Calliphoridae) have been detected on the American continent in environments that include the Amazon forest (Sousa et al 2011;Ururahy-Rodrigues et al 2013), the savannah-like cerrado (Biavati et al 2010;Rosa et al 2011), rainforests (Vasconcelos et al 2013), seasonally dry forests (Vasconcelos & Salgado 2014), and oceanic islands (Carmo & Vasconcelos 2014). Additionally, considering that several Calliphoridae, Muscidae, and Sarcophagidae species cause myiasis and can transmit pathogens to man and other vertebrates (Guimarães & Papavero 1999), the need for field surveys to fully establish the distribution of these species becomes clear.…”

The Potential Uses of Sarcosaprophagous Flesh Flies and Blowflies for the Evaluation of the Regeneration and Conservation of Forest Clearings: A Case Study in the Amazon Forest

“…Sousa et al. ( 2010 , 2011b ) suggested that this finding reflects the fact that some species occur primarily in densely forested habitats, whereas other species tend to be found in more open areas. Studies of the Sarcophagidae, in contrast, have shown that most species are well-adapted to anthropogenic impacts and that habitat disturbance may yield an increase in both the abundance and species richness of this taxon ( Sousa et al.…”

“…Studies of the Sarcophagidae, in contrast, have shown that most species are well-adapted to anthropogenic impacts and that habitat disturbance may yield an increase in both the abundance and species richness of this taxon ( Sousa et al. 2011a , b ).…”

Assessment of the Abundance and Diversity of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae (Diptera) in Sites With Different Degrees of Human Impact in the Iberá Wetlands (Argentina)

“…As necrophagous blow flies and flesh flies are common in human-disturbed habitats, several studies have explored their community patterns along urbanization gradients (Centeno et al 2004;Esposito et al 2009Esposito et al , 2010Ferraz et al 2009;Sousa et al 2010Sousa et al , 2011Patitucci et al 2011). These studies have shown a loss of diversity in modified areas in comparison with pristine or almost pristine areas, probably related to the local extinction of taxa that were not able to adapt to the new conditions (Sousa et al 2010).…”