Diversity of Basidiomycetes in various ecosystems of the Góry Świętokrzyskie Mts.

Abstract

<p>Mycocoenological studies were conducted at 77 permanent research plots established in 14 leading forest communities and in three non-forest communities in the Góry Świętokrzyskie Mts. The greatest numbers of <em>Basidiomycetes</em> were recorded in phytocoenoses in the following plant communities: <em>Tilio-Carpinetum</em> (393 species), <em>Querco-Pinetum</em> (292 species) and <em>Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum</em> (268 species). Saprobionts dominated the mycobiota of the forest communities (593 species, that is 57% of the total number of species), including 332 species of pedobionts (32%), 251 species of xylobionts (24%) and 10 species of allobionts (0.9%). Furthermore, 375 species of mycorrhizal fungi (36% of the total number of the recorded species) and 59 species of parasites (6% of the total number of the mycobiota studied) were recorded.</p><p>The current species composition of <em>Basidiomycetes</em> in the Góry Świętokrzyskie Mts. has been influenced by the location of the area in relation to the adjacent geographical regions, climatic conditions, natural topography, geological structure and plant cover as well as human economy. <em>Abies alba</em>, <em>Acer pseudoplatanus</em>, <em>Fagus sylvatica</em>, <em>Larix decidua</em> ssp. <em>polonica</em> and <em>Picea abies</em>, which encourage the development of mountain fungi, influence the biota of <em>Basidiomycetes</em> in particular. The occurrence of 87 species of the mountain element sensu lato was recorded. Trophic relationships between <em>Basidiomycetes</em> and 34 species of vascular plants as well as 11 genera of mosses were analysed. The most numerous groups of fungi accompany pine trees (114 species), beech trees (105 species), fir trees (102 species) and oak trees (100 species). Despite significant damage, well-preserved and fairly intact forest areas are still found in the Góry Świętokrzyskie Mts. They now serve as refugia of <em>Albatrellus confluens</em>, <em>Bankera fuligineoalba</em>, <em>Fomitopsis officinalis</em>, <em>Hericium coralloides</em>, <em>H. flagellum</em>, <em>Pycnoporellus fulgens</em>, <em>Skeletocutis odora</em> and <em>S. stellae</em>. Both natural and anthropogenic factors determine the changes of the mycological profile in the Góry Świętokrzyskie Mts. Some of the newly arrived <em>Basidiomycetes</em> have features of expansive species, for instance <em>Clathrus archeri</em>, <em>Mutinus ravenelii</em> and <em>Psilocybe rugosoannulata</em>.</p>

Macromycetes of Central European lichen Scots pine forests of the Cladonio-Pinetum Juraszek 1927 type in the “Bory Tucholskie” National Park (NW Poland)

“…The mycobiota of Cladonio-Pinetum in the Świętokrzyskie Mts was studied by Łuszczyński [20]. The author recorded 43 taxa during 40 field observations (4 years) of this community located on a small dune.…”

“…The macromycetes of Cladonio-Pinetum have been examined in the Lüchow-Dannenberg district of Germany [12]. In the publications of Polish mycologists, there are data on macroscopic fungi in the Cladonio-Pinetum community [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. The fungi of these habitats have not been covered by separate observations.…”

Biodiversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in surface mine spoil restoration stands in Poland – first time recorded, rare, and red-listed species

“…As the only record of H. danicum had been listed by Kaufmann [75] from the vicinity of Elbląg (north Poland), the species was considered extinct [76]. More recently, Łuszczynski [77] reported this species from the Tilio-Carpinetum forest on Mt Milechowska in the Świętokrzyskie Mts. Commentary.…”

“…Although it is different morphologically from H. cavipes, it cannot be separated from this species by ITS [65,81]. The only two published Polish records come from the Świętokrzyskie Mts [77] and Kampinos National Park [56]. All three collections found on the Turów spoil heap were recorded with Betula pendula, although the presence of a small, overlooked Salix or Populus in the vicinity cannot be excluded.…”

“…The species is widely distributed across Europe and locally very common in calcareous areas [65]. Contemporary localities of this species in Poland include the Świętokrzyskie Mts [77], Cieszyn (the Silesian Foothills) [83], and Mt Kamieńsk [65]. Commentary.…”