Diversity and spatial genetic structure of natural Moroccan Quercus susber L. assessed by ISSR markers for conservation

Abstract

Morocco is one of the most important regions of the world in terms of L. number and variation. This species is in decline due to several factors, which can lead to permanent loss of this resource. It would be essential to evaluate the genetic diversity in order to conserve maximum genetic variability of this species. The genetic diversity and differentiation of 16 sites from five regions representing the entire range of Moroccan Cork Oak were assessed. Twenty-three ISSR primers used generated 985 polymorphic fragments with an average of 42.8 bands per primer and showed 100% of polymorphism. The 173 individuals revealed a moderate level of genetic diversity at species level (I = 0.27, He = 0.161). The AMOVA showed that the highest level of diversity occurred within populations (64%), this was also confirmed by the coefficient of differentiation (Gst = 0.47). The estimated gene flow (Nm = 0.56) and the Mantel test revealed a significant correlation between geographic and genetic diversity (r = 0.266; = 0.001). This genetic structure was further shown by the topology of the UPGMA, sPCA and STRUCTURE analysis. In addition, a core collection of 34 genotypes was established representing the essential diversity detected. This research advocates populations and individuals to preserve in order to improve and conserve this resource in the future.

Inter simple sequence repeat markers to assess genetic diversity of the desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca Del.) for Sahelian ecosystem restoration

“…The difference in the markers in formativeness and performance between our study and that of Domyati et al 29 could be the results of the difference in the primers sequences used and the genetic background of the populations tested. Nevertheless, the level of polymorphism found in our study is consistent with that reported for similar long-lived perennial species such as Cork Oak 31 and Baobab (Adansonia digitata) 32 . Moreover, natural populations of B. aegyptiaca in the Saharan zone are subjected to several anthropogenic (the need of wood for fuel), animal (mainly dromedary grazing) and environmental (extreme aridity) pressures, that could be probably the cause of the low observed variability.…”

“…The difference in the markers in formativeness and performance between our study and that of Domyati et al 29 could be the results of the difference in the primers sequences used and the genetic background of the populations tested. Nevertheless, the level of polymorphism found in our study is consistent with that reported for similar long-lived perennial species such as Cork Oak 31 and Baobab ( Adansonia digitata ) 32 .…”

“…However, polymorphism information content (PIC) obtained in our study (0.23), is lower than that reported by Domyati et al 29 who found a PIC value of 0.37. Variable PICs values from other perennial dicotyledonous species such as jujub ( Z. mauritiana ) (PIC = 0.42) and cork oak ( Quercus suber L.) (PIC = 0.28) have been reported 30 , 31 . Moreover, marker index (MI) for the present study populations (7.3) was very low compared to that of 53.34 found by Domyati et al 29 in B. aegyptiaca using ISSR marker.…”

Population Genetic Diversity and Structure of an Endangered Salicaceae Species in Northeast China: Chosenia arbutifolia (Pall.) A. Skv.

“…For some tree species, previous reports have suggested that a sample size of 25-29 [38] or less than 30 [39] per population should be sufficient. In contrast, numerous lines of evidence have demonstrated that the parameters of genetic diversity can be accurately estimated through the study of small populations with less than 10 individuals, as previously reported for Quercus susber L. [40] and Eucalyptus occidentalis Endl. [41].…”

Assessing Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Kalmia latifolia L. in the Eastern United States: An Essential Step towards Breeding for Adaptability to Southeastern Environmental Conditions

“…Although the reduced accuracy of estimation of genetic diversity using dominant markers was reported, it has been well documented that ISSR is a reliable technique for detecting DNA polymorphisms and assessing genetic diversity of many woody plant species [16][17][18]. Even though no ISSR analysis study has been carried out on K. latifolia, numerous similar researches have been conducted on other two genera, Rhododendron and Vaccinium, in Ericaceae.…”